紫色土中氮肥、磷肥、钾肥配施对白芷产量及有效成分的影响

Effects of combined application of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer on yield and active components of Angelica dahurica in purple soil

在国家防止耕地“非粮化”政策下,为合理利用四川地区紫色土(坡地、荒地等)进行白芷种植,本研究采用3因素5水平二次正交回归旋转组合设计,探究紫色土中氮肥、磷肥、钾肥配施对川芷2号白芷品种产量和有效成分含量的影响。结果表明,紫色土中氮肥、磷肥、钾肥配施对白芷产量的影响大小为钾肥>磷肥>氮肥,钾肥和磷肥对产量的影响都达到显著或极显著水平,氮肥对白芷产量没有显著影响;氮肥、磷肥、钾肥配施对欧前胡素含量的影响为钾肥>氮肥>磷肥,对异欧前胡素含量的影响为磷肥>氮肥>钾肥,可见钾肥显著影响欧前胡素含量,磷肥显著影响异欧前胡素含量。通过统计频数法优化出施肥配方,在氮肥施用量为233.73~283.36 kg/hm^(2)、磷肥施用量为1380.66~1522.04 kg/hm^(2)、钾肥施用量为215.14~240.03 kg/hm^(2)时川芷2号能实现高产,在氮肥施用量为240.39~276.58 kg/hm^(2)、磷肥施用量为1097.69~1197.45 kg/hm^(2)、钾肥施用量为163.12~185.91 kg/hm^(2)时可以均衡地提高川芷2号根中欧前胡素和异欧前胡素含量。最终利用灰色关联度和逼近理想解排序法(DTOPSIS法)综合获得在紫色土中川芷2号的最优施肥方案:氮肥施用量为193.40 kg/hm^(2)、磷肥施用量为1449.26 kg/hm^(2)、钾肥施用量为239.88 kg/hm^(2)。

Under the Chinese policy background of preventing non-grain conversion of cultivated land,a quadratic orthogonal regression rotation combination design using three factors and five levels was adopted in this study to make rational use of purple soil(sloping field,wasteland,etc.)in Sichuan area for Angelica dahurica var.formosana planting and to explore the effects of combined application of nitrogen fertilizer,phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer in purple soil on the yield and effective components content of A.dahurica var.formosana variety of Chuanzhi 2.The results showed that,the effect of combined application of nitrogen fertilizer,phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer on A.dahurica var.formosana yield in purple soil was ranked as follows:potassium fertilizer>phosphate fertilizer>nitrogen fertilizer.Both phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer had significant or extremely significant effect on the yield of A.dahurica var.formosana,while nitrogen fertilizer had no significant effect on the yield of A.dahurica var.formosana.The effect of combined application of nitrogen fertilizer,phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer on the imperatorin content was ranked as potassium fertilizer>nitrogen fertilizer>phosphate fertilizer,while the effect on isoimperatorin content was ranked as phosphate fertilizer>nitrogen fertilizer>potassium fertilizer.It can be seen that potassium fertilizer significantly affected imperatorin content,and phosphate fertilizer significantly affected isoimperatorin content.The fertilization formula was optimized by statistical frequency method,and it was found that Chuanzhi 2 could achieve high yield when the application levels of nitrogen fertilizer,phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer were 233.73-283.36 kg/hm^(2),1380.66-1522.04 kg/hm^(2) and 215.14-240.03 kg/hm^(2),respectively.The contents of imperatorin and isoimperatorin in roots of Chuanzhi 2 could equably increase when the application levels of nitrogen fertilizer,phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer were 240.39-276.58 kg/hm^(2),1097.69-1197.45 kg/hm^(2) and 163.12-185.91 kg/hm^(2),respectively.Finally,the optimal fertilization scheme for Chuanzhi 2 in purple soil was obtained by comprehensively using the grey relational degree and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution(DTOPSIS)method,and the application levels of nitrogenous fertilizer,phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer were 193.40 kg/hm^(2),1449.26 kg/hm^(2) and 239.88 kg/hm^(2),respectively.