高温胁迫导致水稻颖花败育的机理及其防御措施研究进展

Research progress on the mechanism and defense measures of rice spikelet abortion caused by high temperature stress

高温胁迫导致的颖花败育已成为水稻减产的主要原因之一。因此,开展高温胁迫导致水稻颖花败育的机理及其防御措施的研究意义重大。本文从高温影响水稻的颖花形成、花粉发育、雌雄蕊结构、开花受精及颖花生理代谢等方面综述了高温胁迫对水稻颖花育性的伤害机理,提出相应的防御措施,包括加强水肥管理、合理喷施外源生长调节剂和选育耐高温品种等,并对未来水稻高温热害的研究方向进行了展望,为开展水稻抗热栽培及合理高温防御措施的选择提供理论依据。

Spikelet abortion caused by high temperature stress has become one of the main reasons for the reduction of rice yield.Therefore,it is of great significance to carry out research on the mechanism and defense measures of rice spikelet abortion caused by high temperature stress.In this paper,the damage mechanism of high temperature stress on rice spikelet fertility was reviewed from the aspects of high temperature affecting rice spikelet formation,pollen development,gynoecium structure,flowering fertilization and spikelet physiological metabolism,and corresponding defense measures were put forward,including strengthening water and fertilizer management,reasonable spraying of exogenous growth regulators and breeding of high temperature resistant varieties,and the future research direction of high temperature heat damage in rice was prospected,which provided a theoretical basis for the development of rice heat-resistant cultivation and the selection of reasonable high-temperature defense measures.