不同肥料和生物菌剂对贵州连作地甘薯产量与土壤养分的影响

Effects of Different Fertilizers and Biological Agents on Yield of Sweet Potato and Soil Nutrients of Continuous Cropping Land

【目的】探明不同肥料和生物菌剂对贵州连作地甘薯产量和土壤养分的影响,筛选出适宜贵州地区连作障碍地使用的肥料或生物菌剂,为实现甘薯产业良性发展提供参考。【方法】以常规复合肥、腐殖酸控释肥和腐殖酸复合肥等为研究对象,采用大田试验方法,研究移栽时施用不同肥料和生物菌剂对甘薯薯块商品性、鲜薯和薯干产量及土壤养分的影响。【结果】不同试验点不同处理甘薯的商品性、鲜薯和薯干产量及土壤养分存在一定差异。大、中、小薯的块数和重量贵阳试验点分别为2.00~5.67块和0.62~1.99 kg、3.44~10.33块和0.59~1.80 kg、11.33~25.00块和0.77~1.73 kg。大、中薯块数和重量均以腐殖酸控释肥750 kg/hm^(2)处理最高,小薯以腐殖酸复合肥750 kg/hm^(2)处理最高;紫云试验点分别为0.33~4.00块和0.14~1.46 kg、6.00~11.67块和0.87~1.71 kg、21.00~34.33块和0.67~1.98 kg。大薯块数、中薯重量及小薯块数和重量均以腐殖酸控释肥750 kg/hm^(2)处理最高,其余以农大生物有机肥600 kg/hm^(2)处理最高。贵阳试验点鲜薯和薯干产量分别为32.33~47.71 t/hm^(2)和10.51~15.31 t/hm^(2),均以腐殖酸复合肥750 kg/hm^(2)处理最高,分别较CK显著提高36.46%和29.30%;紫云试验点分别为16.12~19.52 t/hm^(2)和2.77~3.52 t/hm^(2),均以腐殖酸复合肥750 kg/hm^(2)最高,分别较CK提高19.46%和27.04%。贵阳试验点土壤pH、有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾分别为5.77~7.06、30.93~39.17 g/kg、98.86~113.96 mg/kg、9.21~14.99 mg/kg和106.00~154.00 mg/kg;紫云试验点分别为5.51~6.44、26.33~32.27 g/kg、110.18~132.07 mg/kg、7.53~16.30 mg/kg和62.00~131.00 mg/kg,靠山多霸生物菌肥22.5 L/hm^(2)、30 L/hm^(2)和37.5 L/hm^(2)处理均能提高贵阳和紫云试验地土壤的有机质和碱解氮含量,结合甘薯产量结果看,以靠山多霸生物菌肥30 L/hm^(2)处理的效果最佳。【结论】贵州连作地甘薯种植施用腐殖酸复合肥750 kg/hm^(2)可有效提高甘薯产量,改善甘薯商品性;施用靠山多霸生物菌肥30 L/hm^(2)可提高土壤有机质和碱解氮含量,改善土壤质量。

【Objective】The effects of different fertilizers and biological agents on yield of sweet potato and soil nutrients of continuous cropping land are explored to screen suitable fertilizers and biological agents for their utilization in continuous cropping land and provide a reference for healthy development of sweet potato industry.【Method】The effects of conventional compound fertilizer,humic acid controlled-release fertilizer and humic acid compound fertilizer on commodity,fresh weight and dry weight of sweet potato and soil nutrients are studied by a field test.【Result】There are differences in commodity,fresh weight,dry weight of sweet potato and soil nutrients between different test sites and mong different treatments.The tuber number and weight of large,medium and small sweet potato in Guiyang are 2.00~5.67 and 0.62~1.99 kg,3.44~10.33 and 0.59~1.80 kg,and 11.33~25.00 and 0.77~1.73 kg respectively.The tuber number and weight of large and medium sweet potato of T 1(applying 750 kg/hm^(2) of humic acid controlled-release fertilizer)both are the highest.The tuber number and weight of small sweet potato of T 2(applying 750 kg/hm^(2) of humic acid compound fertilizer)are the highest.The tuber number and weight of large,medium and small sweet potato in Ziyun are 0.33~4.00 and 0.14~1.46 kg,6.00~11.67 and 0.87~1.71 kg,and 21.00~34.33 and 0.67~1.98 kg respectively.The tuber number of large sweet potato,weight of medium sweet potato,and tuber number and weight of small sweet potato of T 1 are the highest.The weight of large sweet potato and tuber number of medium sweet potato of T 3(applying 600 kg/hm^(2) of biological fertilizer)are the highest.The fresh and dry sweet potato yield in Guiyang test site is 32.33~47.71 t/hm^(2) and 10.51~15.31 t/hm^(2) separately and the fresh and dry sweet potato yield of T 2 is the highest,36.46%and 29.30%higher than CK respectively.The fresh and dry sweet potato yield in is 16.12~19.52 t/hm^(2) and 2.77~3.52 t/hm^(2) separately and the fresh and dry sweet potato yield of T 2 is the highest,19.46%and 27.04%higher than CK respectively.The pH,organic matter,available nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium of soil in Guiyang test site are 5.77~7.06,30.93~39.17 g/kg,98.86~113.96 mg/kg,9.21~14.99 mg/kg and 106.00~154.00 mg/kg respectively.The pH,organic matter,available nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium of soil in Ziyun are 5.51~6.44,26.33~32.27g/kg,110.18~132.07 mg/kg,7.53~16.30 mg/kg and 62.00~131.00 mg/kg respectively.Applying 22.5 L/hm^(2),30 L/hm^(2) and 37.5 L/hm^(2) of biological bacterial fertilizer all can improve organic matter and available nitrogen content in soil in Guiyang and Ziyun and the effect of applying 30 L/hm^(2) of biological bacterial fertilizer on yield of sweet potato is the optimum.【Conclusion】Applying 750 kg/hm^(2) of humic acid compound fertilizer can effectively improve yield and commodity of sweet potato on continuous cropping land in Guizhou.Applying 30 L/hm^(2) of biological bacterial fertilizer can improve soil quality by increasing soil organic matter and available nitrogen content.