烟秆有机肥与化肥配施对烤烟生长发育与产量的影响

Effects of Tobacco Stalk Organic Fertilizer Combined with Chemical Fertilizer on Growing Development and Yield of Flue-cured Tobacco

【目的】探明烟秆有机肥与化肥配施对烤烟的影响,为烟秆有机肥的推广应用提供参考。【方法】以云烟87为研究对象,采用田间试验方法,研究常规施肥(CK)、常规施肥+烟秆有机肥20 kg/667m^(2)(T_(1))、常规施肥+烟秆有机肥40 kg/667 m^(2)(T_(2))、常规施肥(基肥减量20 kg/667m^(2))+烟秆有机肥20 kg/667m^(2)(T_(3))、常规施肥(基肥减量40 kg/667m^(2))+烟秆有机肥40 kg/667m^(2)(T_(4))对烤烟生长发育和产量的影响。【结果】常规施肥+烟秆有机肥20 kg/667m^(2)和常规施肥+烟秆有机肥40 kg/667m^(2)处理均能有效促进烤烟的生长发育,改善农艺性状,增强对花叶病的抗病性及提高产量和产值。与CK比,常规施肥+烟秆有机肥40 kg/667m^(2)处理烤烟的株高、茎围、有效叶片数、中部最大叶面积和上部最大叶面积均表现较好,分别为97.07 cm、9.47 cm、16.00片、1224.67 cm^(2)和891.33 cm^(2);花叶病的发病率和病情指数较低,分别为9.03%和3.11;产量、产值、均价和上等烟比例最高,分别为145.08 kg/667m^(2)、4071.69元/667m^(2)、28.11元/kg和60.15%,产量、产值和上等烟比例分别较CK显著提高8.65%、9.59%和2.39百分点。综合各处理的用肥成本及经济效益结果,以常规施肥+烟秆有机肥40 kg/667m^(2)处理的增收最大,达4517.85元/hm^(2),较CK提高9.00%。【结论】烤烟生长以施用常规施肥+烟秆有机肥40 kg/667m^(2)的效果最佳。

【Objective】The effects of tobacco stalk organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer on growing development and yield of flue-cured tobacco are explored to provide a reference for popularization and application of tobacco stalk organic fertilizer in tobacco production.【Method】The effects of conventional fertilization(CK),conventional fertilization+20 kg/667m^(2)tobacco stalk organic fertilizer(T_(1)),conventional fertilization+40 kg/667m^(2)tobacco stalk organic fertilizer(T_(2)),conventional fertilization(50 kg/667m^(2)base fertilizer)+20 kg/667m^(2)tobacco stalk organic fertilizer(T_(3))and conventional fertilization(30 kg/667m^(2)base fertilizer)+40 kg/667m^(2)tobacco stalk organic fertilizer(T_(4))on growing development and yield of Yunyan 87 are studied by a field test.【Result】T_(1)and T_(2)can effectively improve growing development,agronomic traits,resistance to mosaic virus,yield and output value of tobacco.The plant height,stem girth,number of effective leaves,area of the maximum middle leaf,area of the maximum upper leaf,and morbidity and disease index of mosaic virus of T_(2)are 97.07 cm,9.47 cm,16.00,1224.67 cm^(2),891.33 cm^(2),9.03%and 3.11 respectively.The yield,output value and first-class tobacco proportion of T_(2)reach 145.08 kg/667m^(2),4071.69 Yuan/667m^(2)and 60.15%,8.65%,9.59%and 2.39%higher than CK respectively.The average price of T_(2)is up to 28.11 Yuan/kg.The net income of T_(2)reaches 54732.90 Yuan/hm^(2),4517.85Yuan/hm^(2)higher than CK.【Conclusion】The effects of conventional fertilizer combined with 40 kg/667m^(2)tobacco stalk organic fertilizer on growing development and economic benefit of Yunyan 87 is the best among five treatments.