遵义市酒用高粱品种红缨子的适宜直播期及其气候风险

Suitable Direct Sowing Period of Wine-making Sorghum Variety‘Hongyingzi’and Its Climatic Risk in Zunyi City

【目的】探明遵义市酒用高粱品种红缨子的适宜直播期及其气候风险,以降低或避免酒用高粱播种期受低温气象灾害的影响。【方法】基于遵义市13个(县市、区)和毕节市金沙县国家气象观测台站1961—2020年逐日气象资料,分析酒用高粱安全直播期的时空变化特征。【结果】近60年遵义市高粱主产区安全直播始期呈提前趋势,提前速率为0.086 d/a。根据Mann-Kendel法突变统计检验,高粱安全直播始期呈平稳-推迟-提前趋势,安全直播始期的UF趋势在1995年上升至最高点,2000年初发生突变。在赤水河谷海拔600 m以下地区,酒用高粱常年最早安全直播始期在3月中旬;在遵义市西部和北部海拔600~900 m地区常年最早安全直播始期在3月下旬,海拔900~1100 m地区在4月上旬。【结论】在气候变暖背景下遵义市酒用高粱直播始期呈提前趋势,在安全播期内,避开春季强降温情况,适当提前播种期可避开后期干旱、秋绵雨影响,以利于稳产高产。

【Objective】The suitable direct sowing period of wine-making sorghum variety‘Hongyingzi’and its climatic risk in Zunyi City are explored to reduce or avoid the low-temperature disaster during the sowing period of wine-making sorghum.【Method】Based on the daily meteorological data of 13 counties(cities and districts)in Zunyi City and national meteorological observation station in Jinsha County of Bijie City during 1961-2020,the temporal-spatial variation characteristics of safe direct sowing period of wine-making sorghum are analyzed.【Result】In recent 60 years,the safe direct sowing initial period of sorghum main-growing area in Zunyi City shows an advance trend with the advance rate of 0.086 d/a.According to mutation statistical test by Mann-Kendel method,the safe direct sowing initial period of sorghum shows a steady-delay-advance trend,and the UF trend of safe direct sowing initial period rises to the peak in 1995,and the mutation occurs in early 2000.In the areas of Chishui Valley at the altitude below 600 m,the earliest safe direct sowing initial period of wine-making sorghum is in mid-March;In the areas of west and north Zunyi at the altitude of 600~900 m,the earliest safe direct sowing initial period of wine-making sorghum is in late March,while the areas at the altitude of 900~1100 m,the period is early April.【Conclusion】Under the background of climate warming,the direct sowing initial period of wine-making sorghum shows an advance trend in Zunyi City.In safe sowing period,avoiding the steep descent of temperature in spring and suitable advancing sowing period can avoid the influence of later drought and autumn continuous rains,which is helpful to stable and high yield.