海口市中学生过敏性鼻炎患病率调查及影响因素分析

Prevalence of allergic rhinitis and associated risk factors in middle school students from Haikou,China

目的:了解海口市中学生过敏性鼻炎患病率及其影响因素,为海口市中学生过敏性鼻炎防治提供参考。方法:采用分层整群抽样方法从海口市下辖秀英区、龙华区、美兰区、琼山区随机抽取8所普通中学或职业中学在校中学生(12~18岁)为调查对象,使用自制调查问卷于2022年4月~5月进行调查。结果:共回收有效问卷2169份,有效率为86.6%(2169/2479),男生814(37.5%)人,女生1355(62.5%)人。海口市中学生自报过敏性鼻炎患病率为39.8%(863/2169),其中间歇性过敏性鼻炎599例(占比69.4%),持续性过敏性鼻炎264例(占比30.6%),每年的1、2、11、12、为症状高发期。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示:每年使用抗生素≥5次[(OR=2.07,95%CI(1.24-3.45),P=0.005]、每年使用抗生素3~4次[OR=1.77,95%CI(1.23-2.55),P=0.002]、有过敏性鼻炎家族史[OR=3.84,95%CI(2.67-5.54),P<0.001]、鼻窦炎病史[OR=7.77,95%CI(3.22-18.76),P<0.001]、居住环境潮湿[OR=2.87,95%CI(2.00-4.13),P<0.001]、有哮喘病史[OR=8.69,95%CI(1.93-39.12),P=0.005]、城镇居民[OR=1.68,95%CI(1.35-2.09),P<0.001]、经常接触粉尘[OR=1.59,95%CI(1.20-2.12),P=0.001]、男性[OR=1.35,95%CI(1.10-1.66),P=0.005]、喂养带毛宠物[OR=1.39,95%CI(1.10-1.75),P=0.006]、每日睡眠时间<8 h[OR=1.30,95%CI(1.07-1.58),P=0.009]为过敏性鼻炎患病的危险因素。结论:海口市中学生过敏性鼻炎患病率高于我国大部分地区报道,男性、城镇居民、抗生素使用、每日睡眠时间不足8 h、喂养带毛宠物、居住环境潮湿、经常接触粉尘、有过敏性鼻炎家族史、有鼻窦炎病史、有哮喘病史均为过敏性鼻炎致病危险因素,其中以有过敏性鼻炎家族史、有鼻窦炎病史、有哮喘病史影响最为明显。

Objective:To identify the prevalence and influencing factors of allergic rhinitis among middle school students in Haikou,and to provide reference for the prevention and treatment of allergic rhinitis among middle school students in Haikou.Methods:The stratified cluster sampling method was adopted to randomly select the middle school students(aged 12-18)from 8ordinary or vocational middle schools in Xiuying District,Longhua District,Meilan District and Qiongshan District of Haikou as the survey subjects.The self-made questionnaire was used to conduct the survey from April to May in 2022.Results:A total of 2169 valid questionnaires were collected,the effective rate was 86.6%(2169/2479),814(37.5%)male students and 1355(62.5%)female students.The prevalence rate of allergic rhinitis reported by middle school students in Haikou was 39.8%(863/2169),including 599 cases of intermittent allergic rhinitis(69.4%)and 264 cases of persistent allergic rhinitis(30.6%).The January,February,November and December were the periods of high incidence of symptoms each year.The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that:using antibiotics≥5 times a year[OR=2.07,95%CI(1.24-3.45),P=0.005],using antibiotics 3~4 times a year[OR=1.77,95%CI(1.23-2.55),P=0.002],family history of allergic rhinitis[OR=3.84,95%CI(2.67-5.54),P<0.001],history of sinusitis[OR=7.77,95%CI(3.22-18.76),P<0.001],damp living environment[OR=2.87,95%CI(2.00-4.13),P<0.001],history of asthma[OR=8.69,95%CI(1.93-39.12),P=0.005],urban residents[OR=1.68,95%CI(1.35-2.09),P<0.001],frequent exposure to dust[OR=1.59,95%CI(1.20-2.12),P=0.001],male[OR=1.35,95%CI(1.10-1.66),P=0.005],furry pet[OR=1.39,95%CI(1.10-1.75),P=0.006],daily sleep time<8 hours[OR=1.30,95%CI(1.07-1.58),P=0.009]were risk factors for allergic rhinitis.Conclusion:The prevalence of allergic rhinitis among middle school students in Haikou was higher than reported in most areas of China.Male,urban residents,antibiotic use,sleeping less than 8 hours a day,feeding furry pets,living in humid environment,frequent exposure to dust,family history of allergic rhinitis,history of sinusitis and history of asthma were risk factors for allergic rhinitis.Family history of allergic rhinitis,sinusitis and asthma were the most significant factors.