关于2021年北京市延庆区食源性疾病监测结果的研究

Study On the Surveillance Results of Foodborne Diseases in Yanqing District of Beijing in 2021

目的:本文以2021年北京市延庆区食源性疾病监测结果为主要内容进行研究,通过对2021年度北京市延庆区食源性疾病主动监测结果进行数据采样和分析,以掌握北京市延庆区食源性疾病的特点和分布情况,进一步了解食源性疾病的变化趋势,对延庆区食源性疾病的发生和监控提供一定的样本支持和科学分析依据,为研究延庆区食源性疾病的特点提供数据支撑,为延庆区疾控部门进一步做好食源性疾病防控打下基础。方法:通过样本检测和数据分析法,以延庆区哨点医院作为样本采集点,收集其中未服用抗生素的腹泻患者粪便标本,对腹泻病原进行检测,同时对病原菌进行抗生素药物敏感试验,对检验结果进行分析,掌握食源性疾病的分布情况。结果:共收集205份腹泻患者的粪便标本,检测出腹泻病原118株,腹泻病原检出率为57.6%。病原菌78株,检出率为38%,其中致泻性大肠埃希氏菌32株,沙门氏菌17株,副溶血性弧菌4株,弯曲菌8株,其他肠道致病菌17株。腹泻病毒检出40株,检出率33.3%,其中诺如病毒检出21株,全部为GⅡ群,轮状病毒A组检出7株,星状病毒检出9株,札如病毒1株,肠道腺病毒2株。结论:北京市延庆区食源性疾病病原种类多样,细菌性腹泻夏秋季为高峰,病毒性腹泻秋冬季为高峰,托幼儿童多发,应对辖区内深入开展食品卫生健康教育。多株病原菌呈现多重耐药,因此在临床上应合理用药,加强食源性疾病监测分析。

Objective: This article focuses on the surveillance results of foodborne diseases in Yanqing district,Beijing in 2021. Through the data sampling and analysis of the results of active surveillance of foodborne diseases in Yanqing district, Beijing in 2021, it is possible to master the foodborne diseases in Yanqing district, Beijing. The characteristics and distribution of foodborne diseases, further understand the changing trend of foodborne diseases,and provide certain sample support and scientific analysis basis for the occurrence and monitoring of foodborne diseases in Yanqing district, so as to study the characteristics of food-borne diseases in Yanqing district. Provide data support to lay the foundation for the disease control department in Yanqing district to further prevent and control foodborne diseases. Method: Through sample detection and data analysis, the sentinel hospital in Yanqing district was used as the sample collection point to collect fecal specimens from diarrhea patients who did not take antibiotics,and the pathogens of diarrhea were detected. Conduct analysis to grasp the distribution of foodborne diseases. Result:A total of 205 fecal specimens of patients with diarrhea were collected, and 118 strains of diarrhea pathogens were detected, and the detection rate of diarrhea pathogens was 57.6%. There were 78 strains of pathogenic bacteria, with a detection rate of 38%, including 32 strains of diarrhea-causing Escherichia coli, 17 strains of Salmonella, 4 strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, 8 strains of Campylobacter, and 17 strains of other enteric pathogens. 40 strains of diarrhea virus were detected, and the detection rate was 33.3%. Among them, 21 strains of norovirus were detected, all of which belonged to group G Ⅱ, 7 strains of rotavirus group A were detected, 9 strains of astrovirus were detected,1 strain of Zaru virus and 2 strains of enterovirus were detected. Conclusion: The pathogens of foodborne diseases in Yanqing district of Beijing are diverse, bacterial diarrhea is the peak in summer and autumn, viral diarrhea is the peak in autumn and winter, and there are more children in care, so food hygiene education should be carried out in the district. Multiple strains of pathogenic bacteria show multiple drug resistance, so clinical use should be rational, and strengthen the surveillance and analysis of foodborne diseases.