膳食营养干预与脑健康:调整饮食节律中的“肠-脑”轴机制研究进展

Dietary Nutrition Intervention and Brain Health:Research Advances of the Gut-brain Axis Mechanism in Regulating Diet Rhythm

随着生活节奏加快和人口结构变化,焦虑、抑郁以及与衰老相关的神经退行性疾病等脑健康问题日渐成为公共卫生和人民健康的重大威胁。“健康中国2030”计划和《国民营养计划2017—2030》指出,对特定人群开展膳食营养干预至关重要。膳食结构和饮食规律对于机体健康影响重大。近年来,团队系列研究证实调整饮食规律、延长空腹时间对于改善脑健康具有改善作用。本文围绕调整饮食节律这一营养干预中,肠道微生物及其代谢产物通过“肠-脑”轴影响中枢神经系统功能的最新研究进展进行综述,总结在精神、神经类疾病以及慢性代谢性疾病中调整饮食规律的干预效果及分子机制,为未来开展针对特殊人群的精准营养干预提供理论参考。

With the rapid pace of life and demographic changes,brain health-related problems such as anxiety,depression and age-related neurodegenerative diseases pose a serious threat to public and individual health.To mitigate these issues,there is an emphasis on the importance of dietary nutrition interventions for specific populations in'Healthy China 2030'and in the National Nutrition Plan 2017-2030.The structure and rhythms of a diet have a profound effect on the health.Recently,a number of team studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of adjusting diet rhythms and extending fasting periods in improving brain health.This review discussed recent advances regarding the effects of gut microbiota and their metabolites on central nervous system function via the gut-brain axis in nutritional interventions for regulating dietary rhythms.It provided an important theoretical reference for future precision nutrition interventions of special populations by summarizing the intervention effect and molecular mechanisms of dietary regulation in mental and neurological conditions,as well as chronic metabolic diseases.