上海市崇明区职业病危害现状调查

Investigation on occupational hazards in Chongming District of Shanghai

目的了解上海市崇明区采矿业、制造业、电力、燃气及水的生产和供应业的企业职业卫生现状,摸清崇明区职业病危害底数,为制定职业病防治策略提供依据。方法2020年采用国家卫生健康委员会统一设计的《职业病危害现状调查表》成立专门的调查组,对2020年上海市崇明区的企业职业卫生现状进行摸底调查。结果崇明区778家企业中,有毒有害企业632家,占81.20%,规模以小微型企业为主(760家,占97.69%),行业以制造业为主(766家,占98.46%),制造业中以金属制品业为主。大、中型企业的接害率高于小、微型企业,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);制造业的接害率高于电力、燃气及水的生产和供应业,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);企业危害因素的申报率、危害因素委托检测率和职业健康监护开展按照企业规模由大到小依次降低,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论崇明区应重点关注小微型企业和船舶制造业,督促企业做好职业卫生管理工作,针对不同企业加强监督、宣传、指导干预等,协助企业健康有序的发展。

Objective To understand the current situation of occupational health of enterprises in mining industry,manufacturing industry,electric power,gas and water production and supply industry in Chongming District of Shanghai,get the basic data of occupational hazards in Chongming District,and provide basis for formulating occupational disease prevention and control strategies.Methods By using the Occupational hazards status survey form designed by the National Health Commission,a major investigation team was set up to make a thorough investigation of the occupational health status of enterprises in Chongming District of Shanghai in 2020.Results Among the 778 enterprises in Chongming District,632(81.20%)were toxic and harmful enterprises,760(97.69%)were small and micro enterprises,766(98.46%)were manufacturing industries,and metal products were the main industries.The exposure rate of large and medium-sized enterprises was higher than that of small and micro enterprises,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The exposure rate of manufacturing industry was higher than that of electricity,gas and water production and supply industry,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The reporting rate of enterprise hazard factors,the entrusted detection rate of enterprise hazard factors and the implementation rate of occupational health monitoring decreased from large to small according to the enterprise size,and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05).Conclusion Chongming District should focus on small and micro enterprises and the shipbuilding industry,urge enterprises improve the occupational health management,strengthen supervision,publicity,guidance and intervention for different enterprises,and assist enterprises to develop healthily and orderly.