养老机构护理人员以人为中心痴呆症照护方式的研究进展

Research progress of person-centered dementia care methods for nursing staff in nursing institutions

随着人口老龄化的加剧,痴呆症患病率呈逐年增长的趋势。日益庞大的痴呆症人群及其复杂的照护管理已成为全球健康卫生系统亟待解决的社会问题。目前痴呆症尚无有效的治疗方法,正确的照护方式可以提高痴呆症患者的生活质量。由于痴呆症患者认知功能和语言功能的下降,日常生活中常存在错误的认知和表达,照护者容易采取以现实为导向的痴呆症照护方式。以人为中心的照护方式是痴呆症照护实践的基本要素,不仅有助于缓解痴呆症患者的精神行为症状,改善痴呆症患者的生活质量,促进其健康和提升幸福感水平,而且有助于减轻照护者的压力和负担,促进积极的照护实践。本文从以人为中心痴呆症照护的概念、评估工具、形式、现状水平及影响因素等方面综述了国内外养老机构护理人员实施以人为中心痴呆症照护的研究进展,提出我国可进一步开展的相关质性研究与干预研究,为国内养老机构管理者采取有效措施,提高护理人员以人为中心痴呆症照护水平提供参考依据。

With the aging of the population,the prevalence of dementia is increasing year by year.The increasing number of people with dementia and its complicated care management have become a social problem urgently to be solved in the global health system.At present,there is no effective treatment for dementia,socorrect nursing approach may improve the quality of life of dementia patients.Due to the decline in cognitive and language function,dementia patients generally have wrong perceptions and expressions in daily life,and caregivers tend to adopt reality-oriented dementia care.However,person-centered care is a basic element of dementia care practice,which not only helps to relieve patients’mental and behavioral symptoms,improve their quality of life,and promote their health and happiness,but also helps to reduce the pressure and burden of caregivers and promote positive care practice.The article reviewed the research progress of the person-centered dementia care,assessment tools,form,the present situation and influence factors of nursing institutions’nurses at home and abroad in implementation of person-centered dementia care,put forward the further relevant qualitative research and intervention research in China,so as to provide reference for managers of domestic elderly care institutions to take effective measures for improving nursing staff’s level of person-centered dementia care.