在线课程资源的“学测一体”游戏化设计:理论模型与作用机制

"Integrating Learning and Testing" Gamification Design of Online Course Resources:Theoretical Model and Mechanism

游戏化学习在激发学习者动机、改善学业情绪等方面存在独特优势,将游戏化学习与在线课程资源的“学”“测”两环节有机整合,有望提升在线课程资源的质量,进一步推动我国的教育数字化转型。鉴于此,研究构建了“学测一体”游戏化设计促进在线学习的理论模型,并借助眼动仪、脑波仪、问卷采集了120名被试的认知行为、学习体验与态度以及学习效果数据,深入分析无游戏化设计、“学”“测”“学测一体”的游戏化设计对在线学习的影响。结果表明:“学”的游戏化设计使学习者大脑更专注、更放松,消极情绪降低;“测”的游戏化设计促进学习者投入更多视觉认知资源,降低内部认知负荷,增加学习数量;“学测一体”的游戏化设计效果最佳,表现为学习者的视觉认知加工资源投入更多、外部认知负荷降低、学习满意度和学习质量提高。相关性分析和结构方程模型进一步发现了“学测一体”游戏化设计促进在线学习的作用路径。根据研究结论提出三条建议,旨在从游戏化学习视角为在线课程资源的高质量发展提供参考。

Game-based learning has unique advantages in stimulating learners’ motivation,and improving academic emotions.Thus,the organic integration of game-based learning with "learning" and "testing" of online course resources is expected to improve the quality of online course resources and further promote the digital transformation of education in China.Given this,this study constructs a theoretical model of "integrating learning and testing" gamification design to promote online learning.On this basis,the cognitive behaviors,learning experiences and attitudes,and learning outcomes of 120 subjects are collected with the help of the eye tracker,an EEG device,and questionnaires.This paper deeply analyzes the influence of non-gamification design,gamification design of "learning",of "testing" and of "integrating learning and testing" on online learning.The results show that "learning" gamification design can make learners more focused and relaxed,and reduce their negative emotions;"testing" gamification design can guide learners to invest more visual cognitive processing resources,reduce internal cognitive load,and increase the amount of learning;the "integrating learning and testing" gamification design is more effective,which shows that learners invest more visual cognitive processing resources,reduce external cognitive load,and improve learning satisfaction and learning quality.Correlation analysis and structural equation model further find the working path of "integrating learning and testing" gamification design for online learning.Based on the findings of this study,three recommendations are proposed to provide a reference for the development of high-quality online course resources from a game-based learning perspective.