国外城市气候政策实验的三种治理风格

Three Governance Styles of Foreign Urban Climate Policy Experimentation

近年来,以城市为代表的非国家行为者采取的各种可持续性治理举措得到了一定程度的学术关注。基于以往分析社会-技术系统转型的科技社会学视角,政治学视野下城市可持续性转型研究——或城市可持续性转型的政治学——是一种探究全球范围内城市的制度安排或公共权力关系结构与可持续性治理变革之间的复杂互动关系的概念、理论探讨和实证检验。这个理论视角的一个主要面向是透视气候治理实验在内的可持续性政策实验进程带来的治理变迁。就此而言,国外特别是西方的城市气候治理实验先后出现了三种不同特征的政策风格:发端于20世纪最后十年的“市政自愿主义”、开始于20世纪之初的“战略都市主义”和最近兴起的“气候连接性城市”。总体而言,在混合多边主义的国际气候治理格局中,城市气候政策实验既带来治理机遇,也面临着诸多制度性挑战。在城市公共行政与环境政治相结合的进路上,需要进一步拓展和深化城市可持续性转型研究议程。

In recent years,various governance initiatives for sustainability undertaken by non-state actors represented by cities have received a certain degree of academic attention.Based on the STS perspectives in the study of socio-technical system transformation,this paper argues that the research of urban transition for sustainability from the framework of political science(or the politics of urban transformation for sustainability)is a worldwide conceptual,theoretical exploration and empirical examination that explores the complex interactions between institutional arrangements or public power relations structures of cities and sustainable governance changes.A major orientation of this theoretical perspective is to examine the governance changes brought about by sustainable policy experimentations,including climate governance experimentations.In this regard,three distinctive policy styles have emerged from foreign(especially Western)urban climate governance experimentations:“municipal voluntarism”,which began in the last decade of 20th century,“strategic urbanism”,which began in the early 21st century,and emerging“climate-connected cities”.In general,in the international climate governance pattern of hybrid multilateralism,urban climate policy experimentation brings both governance opportunities and institutional challenges.The research agenda for urban sustainability transition needs to be further expanded and deepened on the way to the integration of urban public administration and environmental politics.