马克思人与自然关系思想的三重内涵探赜

An Exploration of the Tripartite Connotations of Marx's Thought of Man‑Nature Relationship

马克思人与自然关系思想具有三重内涵:一是人与自然的关系是一种对象性关系,阐释了对象性关系具有自然和社会双重属性,揭示了实践是对象性关系赖以存在的现实基础;二是人与自然在资本主义条件下处于异化状态,强调人与自然的异化主要表现为物质变换断裂,剖析了人与自然关系的错位是异化的认识论根源,资本主义私有制是异化的社会历史根源;三是人与自然在共产主义社会将实现和解,指明了共产主义是对私有财产的积极扬弃,是“自然主义”和“人道主义”完成了的统一。这三重内涵彰显出马克思人与自然关系思想独特的生态学意蕴,对于理解和把握马克思在自然观问题上的哲学变革以及他所创建的新唯物主义自然观所能达到的本质境域和原则高度具有重要意义。

Marx's thought of man-nature relationship has a triple connotation.The first is that man-nature relationship is the relationship between subject and object,which explains the natural and social attributes of the relationship,and reveals that practice is the realistic basis for the existence of the relationship.The second is that human and nature are in a state of alienation under capitalism.The alienation of human and nature mainly manifests as material transformation and fracture.It is revealed that the dislocation of human and nature is the epistemological root of the alienation,and capitalist private ownership is the social and historical root of the alienation.The third connotation is the reconciliation between man and nature in the communist society,indicating that Communism is the positive sublation of private property and the unification of“naturalism”and“humanitarianism”.The connotations reveal the unique ecological significance of Marxist ideas about man-nature relationship,which is of great importance for understanding Marx's philosophical change on the view of nature and the essential domain and principles of the new materialist view of nature he created.