刑法因果关系的立场选择和理论纠偏

The Position Choice and Theoretical Rectification of Causality in Criminal Law

在刑法因果关系中引入规范性的评价要素,一定程度上能够促进解决对复杂因果关系结果归属的认定问题。但当前我国司法裁判对因果关系的认定存在杂乱无序、见仁见智现象,原因在于众多理论学说(相当因果关系说、危险的现实化理论)将本属于规范上责任划分的领域提前到构成要件该当性层面讨论,导致因果关系的认定标准相对化、模糊化。在因果关联明晰的情况下,因果关系的判断应当回归事实判断,坚持因果关系的客观属性;在事实不清时,应当坚守存疑有利于被告原则,不能将规范判断先于事实判断、规范判断代替事实判断。

The introduction of normative evaluation elements in criminal causality can help to solve the problem of determining the attribution of the results of complex causality to a certain extent,but at present,the determination of causality in China's judicial adjudication is disorderly and has different opinions,The reason is also that many theories and theories(the theory of equivalent causation and the theory of the realization of danger)have advanced the field of the division of responsibility in the norms to the appropriate level of the constituent elements,leading to the relative and fuzzy identification criteria of causation.In the case of clear causal relationship,the judgment of causal relationship should return to the fact judgment and adhere to the objective attribute of causal relationship;When the facts are unclear,we should adhere to the principle that doubt is beneficial to the defendant,and we cannot replace the fact judgment with the standard judgment before the fact judgment.