明代清军监生研究及其当代启示

A Study on Students of the Imperial College on Army Checking in the Ming Dynasty and its contemporary revelations

监生历事是明代一项注重教育与实践相结合的特色制度,起源于洪武元年的临时性派遣。明代监生历事的范围极广,清军是其中一项。清军监生是为了配合清军御史开展清勾工作而设,始于洪武十六年。清军监生的主要工作是督造和查核清勾册籍,不能由军籍之人担任。作为清军御史的协助人员,清军监生的拨历期限几经变化,最终定型为三年。清勾制度成为明代一大弊政的原因很复杂,而清军监生工作的无实效是关键因素之一。这一制度也给现代高等教育的实践教学以启发。

The students of the imperial college must serve in general administrative affairs,which is a characteristic system in Ming Dynasty.It originated from the temporary dispatch in the first year of reign of Hongwu,emphasizing the combination of education and practice.The students of the imperial college had a wide range of experiences,one of which was working in the“Qing Gou”System(the Army Check and Manhunt System).The students of the imperial college on army checking were dispatched in order to cooperate with imperial censors from the Imperial Supervisory Court to carry out army check and manhunt work,which began in the sixteenth year of reign of Hongwu.The main work of the students in charge of supervision of checking the army was to supervise the making and checking of the registration books,which could not be performed by military personnel.As the assistant to the imperial censors,the working time of the students of the imperial college changed several times,and finally it was fixed as three years.The reason why“Qing Gou”System became maladministration in Ming Dynasty is very complicated,and the inefficiency of supervisory students on army checking is one of the key factors.This system also enlightens the practical teaching of modern higher education.