棉花机械打顶关键技术研究进展

Research progress on key technologies of cotton mechanical topping

棉花打顶作为棉花种植过程的一个重要环节,对棉花产量与品质具有重要影响。针对我国棉花打顶机械的发展情况,分类总结近年来在棉花高度与顶端检测、打顶装置、控制系统等关键技术方面的研究现状,阐述各个关键技术的突破与创新。同时指出在棉花高度与顶端检测、打顶装置、控制系统等方面检测精度不足、切割可靠性与准确性差、打顶控制算法不完善等问题。提出未来打顶技术研究的发展方向,神经网络、5G通讯等技术可用于棉花打顶识别,创新优化打顶切割装置,先进智能控制算法应用解决棉花打顶控制问题,机器人等先进技术应用到打顶中,发展无人机打顶技术,结合水肥调控栽培技术,推进打顶机械与生产农艺相结合,最大限度减低棉花田间管理复杂度,提升棉花打顶效果,实现棉花机械打顶大规模应用。

As an important part in the cotton planting process,cotton topping has an important impact on cotton yield and quality.According to the development of cotton topping machinery in China,this paper classifies and summarizes the research status of key technologies such as cotton height and top detection,topping device and control system in recent years,and expounds the break through and innovation of various key technologies,at the same time,it points out the problems of insufficient detection accuracy,poor cutting reliability and accuracy and imperfect topping control algorithm in cotton height and top detection,topping device and control system,and puts forward the development direction of topping technology in the future.Neural network,5G communication and other technologies can be used for cotton topping identification and innovate and optimize topping and cutting device,advanced intelligent control algorithm is applied to solve the problem of cotton topping control,and advanced technologies such as robots are applied to the topping.Unmanned aerial vehicle technology can be used for topping.The water and fertilizer regulation and cultivation technology promotes the combination of topping machinery and production agronomy,minimizes the complexity of cotton field management,improves the cotton topping effect,and realizes the large-scale application of cotton machinery topping.