西方社交机器人的特征及对网络政治参与的影响与治理

Features of Social Bots in West and Their Influences on and Management of Online Political Participation

社交机器人凭借技术性、社交性、拟人化、被操纵性等特征活跃在政治参与场域,直接影响着网络平台、意见场及人类真实用户。在信息传播方面,社交机器人促进信息扩散但导致虚假信息传播,推动政治参与但干扰政治信息的传递;在舆论方面,社交机器人操纵在线舆论,进一步实现影响力重塑,但也可能导致舆论场困境,阻碍网络政治参与规范、有序化进程。社交机器人广泛应用带来的隐私泄露、刻板印象及道德伦理问题等诸多隐患,也可能降低政治参与意愿。从公众、平台及法律法规三方面重塑相对真实和公平的政治参与场域,营造健康良性的舆论环境,是未来治理社交机器人需要考虑的重点。

Social bots,which are active in political participation domain by means of their technology,sociability,personalized behavior,and easy manipulation,have a direct influence on online platforms,comments,and human beings.They spread information,which is false sometimes,promote political participation,in which the transmission of political information is disturbed,and manipulate the online public opinions by exerting their influences,probably resulting in difficulties in the opinions,and in online political participation.The extensive use of social bots brings about latent danger to privacy,morality,etc.,and maybe reduces people's willingness to participate in politics.The future management of social bots lies in the building of a comparatively real and fair political participation domain,and a healthy public opinion environment by considering the public,platforms,and laws.