魏晋南北朝鉴赏感悟法与批评文体的诗性建构

On the Method of Appreciation and Perception and the Poetic Construction of Criticism Style in Wei,Jin,Southern and Northern Dynasties

魏晋南北朝众多文论家娴熟而密集地采用鉴赏感悟法进行文学批评,体现出批评的时代性和民族性。这主要表现在三大维度:敏锐的艺术感受力、精准的审美判断力和高超的批评传达力,对批评文体的诗性建构皆有重要影响。以曹丕、陆机、刘勰为代表的文论家在语言的形式与风格感受方面,在对作品结构与情思把握方面,都堪称典范;而其鉴别作品之味、判定不同风格、对艺术家成就和个性特征的评析等,都极为突出。同时,善于营造“批评意境”,话语方式的表达上具有折中性和灵活性,这些都与魏晋之后整个社会的审美转向、文论家的阅读体验和审美实践分不开,且凸显了此阶段中国文论浓郁的诗性特征,对当前文学批评方法的选用、文体品格的营造均具有重要的学术价值。

In Wei,Jin,Southern and Northern Dynasties,many literary critics skillfully and intensively adopted the method of appreciation and perception in literary criticism,which reflected the characteristics of the times and national characteristics.They were mainly manifested in three dimensions:keen artistic sensibility,precise aesthetic judgment,and superb critical communicative ability.They all had an important influence on the poetic construction of the critical style.Represented by Cao Pi,Lu Ji and Liu Xie,literary critics were exemplary in terms of language form and style perception,and in terms of the structure and emotion of works;they were also very outstanding in identifying the works,judging different styles,and evaluating the artists’achievements and personality characteristics.Moreover,they were very good at creating“critical artistic conception”,and their expressions of discourse were neutral and flexible,quite inseparable from the aesthetic shift of the whole society after Wei and Jin Dynasties,and the reading experience and aesthetic practice of literary critics and highlighted the strong poetic characteristics of Chinese literary theory at this stage and had important academic value for the selection of literary criticism methods and the construction of stylistic character.