诈骗罪中被害人同意的法律效果

Legal Effect of the Consent of Victim in the Crime of Defraud

诈骗罪场合的被害人同意即针对财产转移的处分意思,不是单纯的瑕疵同意而是无效同意。如此理解,能在关于被害人同意的一般理论中获得说明,与将本罪理解为关系犯罪的见解并不冲突,且能在“诈骗罪的盗窃罪化”这一现象中获得印证。否定一般场合被害人的情报搜集责任、弱化诈骗罪的关系犯罪属性,是在考察诈骗罪中被害人自我责任侧面与要保护侧面关系时,一种动态平衡观之下务实的政策选择。诈骗罪中的被害人同意无效,意味着承认诈骗罪是将被害人作为工具加以利用的一部分盗窃罪间接正犯的立法化,认可了诈骗罪与盗窃罪之间的法条竞合关系。同意无效说并非对立思维的产物,也能与诈骗罪要求实质财产损害的立场兼容,不会导致该罪的法网大开。

The intent to dispose of in the case of fraud is the victim’s consent to the transfer of property, not a mere defective consent but an invalid one. This understanding is consistent with the general theory of the victim’s consent and does not conflict with the understanding that fraud is a relationship crime, and is evidenced by the phenomenon of“ fraud being criminalized as theft”. Denying the victim’s responsibility for information gathering in general and weakening the relationship crime attribute of fraud is a pragmatic policy choice under a dynamic and balanced view when examining the relationship between the victim’s self-responsibility side and the side to be protected in the crime of fraud. The invalidation of the victim’sconsent in the offense of fraud implies recognizing that the crime of fraud is an indirect principal offender of the crime of theft, acknowledging that there is an overlap between these two articles. Affirming the invalidity of the victim’s consent in the offense of fraud is not a product of adversarial thinking and is also compatible with the standpoint that the offense of fraud requires substantial property damage and does not lead to an excessive range of penalties.