统合内政—外交双重逻辑——中美竞争背景下拜登政府国家供应链安全战略

Integrating the Dual Logic of Domestic Politics and Geopolitics:the Biden Administration’s National Supply Chains Security Strategy in the Context of Sino-U.S.Strategic Competition

供应链安全已成为美国内政外交战略性议题。究其缘由,新冠肺炎疫情对全球供应链的冲击及其暴露的美国供应链风险是诱因,以供应链为纽带的中美产业技术竞争催生的霸权焦虑是根源。因此,拜登政府国家供应链安全战略是中美竞争背景下霸权护持的新探索。文章从供应链安全与美国对外政策内外逻辑互动的既有研究出发,构建了一个统合内政—外交双重逻辑的分析折中主义框架,对该战略进行探讨。概言之,其生成以内外互通为逻辑,在维护美国经济安全与科技优势、助推中产阶级利益导向的国内改革和重建新政联盟以强化对华长期竞争的经济与政治基础的同时,以重塑全球供应链体系和拓展盟伴关系强化对华长期竞争的外交与战略基础。其布局以内外互补为逻辑,将产业技术政策与供应链安全联盟战略紧密配合以分别推动供应链回流和友岸外包。其特点、影响与局限内外互联,表现为经济上的国家资本主义、政治上的民粹主义、外交上的伪多边主义及战略上的供应链安全化—意识形态化,在冲击全球供应链体系、加剧逆全球化与深化中美竞争的同时面临美国国内经济压力与政治极化、外交上联盟内部张力及战略上产业技术分工市场规律的结构性制约,因而该战略能否成为美国对华竞争新抓手需密切关注。

Supply chain security has become a strategic issue for U.S.domestic and foreign affairs.The shock of the Covid-19 pandemic on global supply chains and its subsequent risks for the U.S.supply chains seem to be a trigger;the hegemonic concern aroused by Sino-U.S.industrial and technological competition is at the root.Correspondingly,the Biden Administration’s national supply chain security strategy is a new exploration aimed at maintaining the U.S.hegemony.Beginning with previous scholarship in supply chain security and the interactive logic of the U.S.domestic and foreign policies,this paper establishes a theoretical framework of analytic eclecticism integrating the dual logic of domestic and foreign affairs to discuss the national supply chain security strategy.The features of this strategy include state capitalism,populism,pseudo-multilateralism,and the securitization and ideologicalization of supply chains.The national supply chain security strategy not only impacts global supply chain system,but also accelerates the process of anti-globalization and intensifies Sino-U.S.competition.It is worth noting that several structural contradictions,such as domestic economic strains,political polarization,tensions within coalitions and the distribution of industry-technology-related skills,still prohibit the implementation of the U.S.supply chain security strategy.It remains unclear whether this strategy works fairly in rivaling China in the future.