“商标碰瓷”行为的刑法学思考——以互联网恶意投诉为分析对象

Criminal Jurisprudence Thinking on the Behavior of"Trademark Blackmail--From the Perspective of Malicious Complaints on the Internet as the Main Means

在网络犯罪日益猖獗的大背景下,利用互联网恶意投诉手段进行“商标碰瓷”的现象更加常见,“商标碰瓷”行为不仅具有民事行为的外观,在很多情况下还具有实质的违法性。“商标碰瓷”行为可阶段性地拆分为前置行为、本体行为和目的行为。前置行为是指行为人将自己伪装成“合法”的知识产权(主要是商标权)权利人。本体行为是指行为人将自己“合法”的维权请求提交到第三方服务平台。目的行为是指行为人与商家进行磋商,谋取非法利益。其中,前置行为涉及的犯罪主要包括假冒注册商标罪、非法制造注册商标标识罪、盗窃罪,本体行为涉及的犯罪主要包括损害商业信誉罪、破坏生产经营罪,目的行为涉及的犯罪主要是敲诈勒索罪。“商标碰瓷”行为本身虽未被规定为独立罪名,但是我们应该从主客观进行分析,看到其民事违法性质背后的刑事犯罪属性。在立法层面,一方面会加快推进具有严重社会危害性的“商标碰瓷”行为入刑,另一方面应增设罪名和罪状,以便更加直接地适用刑法条文。在司法层面应充分发挥司法的能动性,一方面在不违反罪刑法定的原则下对法律条文进行扩大解释,以使得新型犯罪手段和外观可以被尽可能地囊括在现有刑法规制的范围内,另一方面应加快发布最高法院指导案例,以推进对“商标碰瓷”行为出罪入罪以及提高对进行其刑法归责的规范性和有效性。

Under the background of increasingly rampant cyber crime,the use of the Internet malicious complaint means to carry out the phenomenon of"trademark blackmail"is more common,"trademark blackmail"behavior not only has the appearance of civil behavior,in many cases,also has substantial illegality.The author divides the"trademark blackmail"behavior into prepositional behavior,ontological behavior and purpose behavior.Prepositional behavior refers to that the actor disguises himself as the owner of"legitimate"intellectual property rights(mainly trademark rights).Ontological behavior refers to that the actor submits his"legitimate"lawsuit request to the third-party service platform.The purpose act refers to that the doer negotiates with the merchant to seek illegal benefits.Among them,the crimes involved in the prepositional behavior mainly include the crime of counterfeiting registered trademark,the crime of illegally manufacturing registered trademark signs,and the crime of theft.The crimes involved in ontological behavior mainly include the crime of damaging commercial reputation,the crime of destroying production and management.The crime involved in the purpose behavior is mainly extortion.Although the act of"trademark blackmail"itself is not stipulated as an independent crime,we should analyze it subjectively and objectively to see the criminal nature behind its civil illegal nature.At the legislative level,on the one hand,we will speed up the criminal punishment of"trademark infringing on porcelain"with serious social harm.On the other hand,the new accusations and charges can be more directly applied to the provisions of the criminal law.At the judicial level,we should give full play to the judicial initiative.On the one hand,under the principle of not violating the legality of crimes,it expands the interpretation of legal provisions,so that the new means and appearance of crimes can be included in the scope of existing criminal law regulation as much as possible.