马克思“不平等批判”的辩证解读及当代启示

Dialectical Interpretation of Karl Marx’s Critique of Inequality and its Contemporary Enlightenment

唯物辩证法是马克思在社会批判中运用的基本方法,也是我们解读马克思对资本主义“不平等批判”的重要抓手。具体而言,借助范畴辩证法可以看到马克思对“平等交换”之不平等本质的揭露;经由社会历史辩证法可以澄明马克思“不平等批判”的价值尺度;通过否定辩证法则可以理解马克思对实现普遍平等的主体与现实路径的思考。从唯物辩证法的这三个方面,我们可以对一些西方学者提出的相关质疑与诘难作出回应,建构起对马克思平等思想的正确认识,并以此认清新自由主义平等观的意识形态本质。这也为守正创新地阐释共同富裕的平等意涵与中国式现代化道路提供了方法论的启示。

Materialist dialectics is the basic method employed by Karl Marx in social criticism,so it becomes one of our important key points to interpret Marx’s critique of inequality.Specifically,it is through category dia-lectics that we can see Marx’s disclosure of the unequal nature of"equal exchange";it is through social and his-torical dialectics that we can clarify the value standard of Marx s critique of inequality;it is through negative di-alectics that we can understand Marx’s thinking about the subject and practical path of realizing universal equality.From these aspects of materialist dialectics,we can respond to the relevant questions and heckles raised by some western scholars,construct a correct understanding of Marx's equality thought,and recognize the ideological essence of neoliberal equality view.This also provides a methodological enlightenment for up-holding fundamental principles and breaking new ground in explaining the equality meaning of common pros-perity and the Chinese path to modernization.