意识形态的力量之源——恩格斯“国家作为第一个支配人的意识形态力量”论断解析

The Source of Ideological Power:An Analysis of Friedrich Engels’s Thesis“The State Presents Itself to Us as the First Ideological Power over Man”

意识形态不是普通的意识形式,而是关乎时代治乱兴衰、关乎个人生死荣辱的特殊重要意识。意识形态没有独立发展的历史,却不影响它深度参与历史发展,成为支配人、塑造人的强大现实性力量。立足唯物史观,回到经典文本追问意识形态的力量之源不难发现:正是物质利益的感性光芒与现实驱动、国家机器的体制结构与权力加持、民族生活的历史延续和传统祝福、现实个人的精神追求和信仰渴望这些主要因素,使意识形态力量不断生成。作为“现实的人及其历史发展的科学”,马克思主义实现了意识形态、信仰、科学三者相一致,既能治国兴邦,也能安身立命,破除了国家运用意识形态力量奴役个人的统治逻辑和异化逻辑,真正致力于“普遍的人的解放”。

Ideology is not an ordinary form of idea,but a set of special and important ideas related to the rise or fall,peace or chaos of the times and the life or death,honor or disgrace of individuals.Ideology has no history of independent development,but it does not affct its deep participation in historical development as a strong real-istic power that dominates and shapes people.It is not difficult to find the source of ideological power by going back to classical texts on the basis of historical materialism:It is the principal factors such as the perceptual light and realistic drive of material benefits,the institutional structure and power support of state apparatus,the historical continuation and traditional blessing of national life,and the spiritual pursuit and belief desire of real-istic individuals that make ideological power generated constantly.As"the science of real man and their histori-cal development",Marxism realizes the unity of ideology,belief,and science,which can not only govern the country and rejuvenate the state,but also settle down and get on with one's pursuit.It breaks the ruling logic and alienation logic that the state uses ideological power to enslave individuals,and truly commits itself to"full human emancipation"。