人民主权、城市权利与美好生活——城市“人民性”的三个面向

Popular Sovereignty,Right to the City,and Better Life:Three Perspectives on Affinity to People of the City

城市“人民性”是涉及城市在何种意义上属于人民、人民的城市何以可能的问题。经典马克思主义、西方城市理论和中国特色社会主义的人民城市理论都对城市“人民性”问题作出了讨论。在经典马克思主义看来,建立属于劳动人民的城市政权,实现城市的人民主权是城市人民性的基本要求。西方城市理论在无力从根本上改变资本主义国家政权和城市属性的前提下,通过揭露资本主义对城市的控制和剥削,强调人民的占用权和参与权以彰显“民享之城”与“民治之城”。在中国特色社会主义的人民城市理论中,城市的“人民性”既不仅仅是“占有”意义上的宣称,也不光是一种“权利”表达,而是嵌入在整个日常生活场域的实践,它要求将人民性贯穿于城市的规划、发展、治理与营造的全过程,并最终体现为人民的美好生活体验。

Affinity to People of the city is a systematic exposition about in what sense does a city belong to the people and how can the people’s city be possible.Classical Marxism,Western urban theories and the socialist theory of the people’s city with Chinese characteristics all have discussed affinity to People of the city.In the view of classical Marxism,it is the basic requirement for affinity to People of the city to establish the urban re⁃gime belonging to the laboring people and realize the popular sovereignty of the city.On the premise that West⁃ern urban theories are unable to fundamentally change the capitalist state power and designated function of city,they expose the capitalist control and exploitation of the city and emphasize the right of the people’s occupation and participation to highlight the“city for the people”and“city by the people”.In the context of the socialist theory of the people’s city with Chinese characteristics,affinity to People of the city is not only a claim in the sense of“occupation”,not only an expression of“right”,but a practice embedded in the whole field of daily life.It requires that affinity to People should run through the whole process of urban planning,development,gov⁃ernance,and construction,and finally embody the people’s experience of better life.