钛的晶体结构和结构转变研究进展

Research Progress on Crystal Structures and Structural Transformation of Titanium

钛具有高强度,低密度,耐腐蚀等特性,并在多个领域得到应用。多年来,钛的同素异构体的晶体结构和结构转变受到了学者的广泛关注。除了密排六方结构的平衡相(α-Ti),面心立方结构的高温相(β-Ti)和六方结构的高压相(ω-Ti)外,学者通过各种方法尝试在极端条件下制备钛的其他亚稳相结构。在过去的几十年中,人们在超高压条件下发现了γ-Ti和δ-Ti,并通过高压扭转实验、激光冲击实验和超薄薄膜实验等方法制备了在室温条件下可以稳定存在的ω-Ti和fcc-Ti。综述了钛的同素异构体(不包括合金)的晶体结构和结构转变类型,并介绍了不同结构钛的稳定性以及结构转变机理。

High strength, low density, and excellent corrosion resistance are the main properties making titanium attractive in a variety of applications. The crystal structures and structural transformations of titanium allotropes, which are of tremendous scientific and technological interest, have attracted a great deal of attention for many years. In addition to hexagonal close packed α-Ti, high temperature phase β-Ti with body-centred cubic structure and ω-Ti with the hexagonal structure, researchers have tried to find other metastable structures which can be maintained under extreme conditions through various methods. During the past decades, the ultrahigh pressure structures γ-Ti and δ-Ti are observed, and the room temperature ω-Ti and fcc-Ti can be obtained by high pressure torsion, laser shock, ultra-thin films, etc. The research progress of crystal structures and structural transformations of titanium were introduced. The structural stability and mechanism of structural transformations on titanium were elaborated.