琼北火山古村落“盘式集群防御”体系探析——以海口市文山村为例

Analysis on Hovering Cluster Security Defense System for the Volcano Ancient Villages in North Hainan:A Case of Wenshan Village in Haikou

琼北火山地区其特殊的自然、地理和人文环境,催生出特殊的村落防御模式。通过田野、聚类调查法,从防御理念的历史渊源、选址优势、空间布局、集群防御、精神护佑等几方面,对文山村的防御体系进行综合梳理研析,再现了古村落原有的“四环五卡”、“迷、紧、严、巧、实”,以及山水协防、外围壁垒、工事防御、巷道迷防等防御体系特色,推导出古文山村“自然地理防御+工事防御+空间建筑防御+人防武防+信仰慰藉”等盘式集群防御模式的历史、人文、科学之价值和借鉴意义。

The special nature,geography and humanities of the volcanic region in north Hainan have given rise to a special pattern of village defense.In this paper,the historical origin of the defense concept,the advantages of the site selection,the spatial layout,the cluster defense,and the spiritual protection of Wenshan Village are investigated and analyzed through the field and bureau investigation methods.The ancient village’s original defense system features,such as“four rings and five levels”,“confusion,tightness,strictness,cleverness,and solidity”and“mountain and water defense,peripheral barriers,defensive fortifications,and alleyway defense”,etc.are reproduced.Then the paper deduced the historical,humanistic,and scientific value and reference significance of the hovering cluster defense model of the ancient Wenshan village,such as the“natural geographic defense+defensive fortifications+spatial construction defense+human and military defense+consolation of faith”.