老年2型糖尿病病人牙周健康状况与健康人群比较

Comparison of characteristics of periodontal health between elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and healthy people

目的比较60~85岁的2型糖尿病病人与健康人群的牙周健康状况。方法对60~85岁的2型糖尿病病人(糖尿病组,70例)及同年龄段健康体检人群(对照组,100例)进行牙周健康状况横断面调查,比较2组牙龈探诊出血(BOP)情况、牙周探诊深度(PD)、因牙周病失牙情况、牙周炎分期及分级。结果糖尿病组BOP阳性率、PD为3~5 mm及>5 mm的检出率、因牙周病失牙比例均显著高于对照组(P<0.001)。糖尿病组BOP牙面数、PD为3~5 mm及>5 mm的患牙颗数、因牙周病失牙颗数均显著多于对照组(P<0.001)。老年糖尿病病人的牙周炎患病率为97.1%,显著高于对照组的45.0%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。与对照组相比,糖尿病组牙周炎分期为Ⅲ、Ⅳ期的比例更高,进展速度为C级的比例更高,波及范围为广泛型的比例更高(P<0.05)。结论老年2型糖尿病病人牙周健康状况不容乐观,牙周病检出率高,程度严重,进展速度快,波及牙位广泛。因此,老年糖尿病病人应常规筛查牙周病,按需及时进行牙周序列治疗。

Objective To compare the characteristics of periodontal health between elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and elderly people receiving physical examination.Methods A cross-sectional study of periodontal health was conducted in the elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(diabetes group,70 cases)and elderly people receiving physical examination(control group,100 cases).The bleeding on probing(BOP),the depth of maximum periodontal probing depth(PD),the losing teeth due to periodontal disease,the stage and grade of periodontitis were compared between the two groups.Results The positive rate of BOP,the detection rate of PD=3-5 mm or>5 mm,and the percentage of teeth lost due to periodontal disease in diabetes group were significantly higher than those in control group(P<0.001).The number of BOP tooth surface,the number of teeth with PD=3-5 mm or>5 mm and the number of lost teeth due to periodontal disease in diabetes group were higher than those in control group(P<0.001).The prevalence rate of periodontitis in diabetes group was significantly higher than that in control group(97.1%vs 45.0%,P<0.001).The proportion of periodontitis in stagesⅢandⅣaccording to severity,the proportion in Grade C according to the progression speed of periodontitis and the proportion in extensive type according to the range of affected teeth were significantly higher in diabetes group than those in control group(P<0.05).Conclusions The periodontal health of the elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is not optimistic,with high detection rate,serious degree,fast progression speed and extensive range.Therefore,the elderly patients with diabetes should be screened for periodontal disease routinely and receive periodontal sequence therapy timely.