宁夏地区老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病病人健康素养现状及影响因素分析

Analysis of characteristics and influencing factors of health literacy in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Ningxia

目的了解宁夏地区老年COPD病人健康素养现状并分析其影响因素。方法采用便利抽样法,选取2020年11月至2021年6月在宁夏不同市区3所三级医院呼吸与危重症医学科住院的老年COPD病人为研究对象,使用一般情况调查表、呼吸困难程度评分量表(mMRC)、COPD健康素养量表(COPD-Q)、老年人抑郁量表(GDS-15)、中文版居家不出量表及日常生活能力量表(ADL)进行调查,共收回435份有效问卷,采用单因素分析及多元线性逐步回归分析老年COPD病人健康素养的影响因素。结果435例老年COPD病人COPD-Q平均得分为(5.89±2.26)分。多元线性逐步回归分析显示,性别、主要照顾者、医疗支付方式、氧疗情况、吸烟情况、呼吸肌训练情况及ADL评分为老年COPD病人健康素养的独立影响因素(均P<0.05)。结论宁夏地区老年COPD病人健康素养处于较低水平,受性别、主要照顾者、医疗支付方式、氧疗情况、吸烟情况、呼吸肌训练情况及ADL评分影响。医护人员应针对病人个体情况,采取个性化的干预措施,提高病人解决自身健康问题的能力。

Objective To investigate the characteristics of health literacy of the elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)in Ningxia and analyze the influencing factors.Methods Using convenience sampling method,the elderly COPD patients hospitalized in Respiratory and Critical Care Medical Department of three tertiary hospital in Ningxia from November 2020 to June 2021 were enrolled in this study.The general situation questionnaire,modified Medical Research Council dyspnea scale(mMRC),COPD knowledge questionnaire(COPD-Q),15-iterm Geriatric Depression Scale(GDS-15),Chinese version of housebound scale and Activity of Daily Living(ADL)scale were used for investigation.A total of 435 valid questionnaires were collected.Single factor analysis and multiple linear stepwise regression were used to analyze the influencing factors of health literacy in the elderly patients with COPD.Results The average COPD-Q score of 435 elderly patients with COPD was 5.89±2.26.Multivariate linear stepwise regression analysis showed that gender,primary caregiver,medical payment,oxygen therapy,smoking,respiratory muscle training and ADL score were the independent influencing factors for health literacy in the elderly COPD patients(all P<0.05).Conclusions The health literacy in the elderly patients with COPD is at a low level,which is affected by gender,primary caregiver,medical payment method,oxygen therapy,smoking,respiratory muscle training and ADL score.Medical staff should take personalized intervention measures to improve patients’ability to solve their own health problems according to their individual conditions.