不同制油工艺对亚麻籽油品质及抗氧化活性的影响

Effects of different extraction processes on quality and antioxidant activity of linseed oil

为比较不同工艺制取的亚麻籽油品质及抗氧化活性,分别以索氏提取法、冷榨法和热榨法制取亚麻籽油,测定亚麻籽油得率、基本理化指标、生育酚含量、脂肪酸组成、挥发性成分及抗氧化活性。结果表明:索氏提取法亚麻籽油得率最高,为52.77%,热榨法亚麻籽油得率显著高于冷榨法;冷榨亚麻籽油色泽、脂肪酸组成较佳,α-亚麻酸含量高达54.49%;索氏提取亚麻籽油总生育酚含量最高,为450.79 mg/kg,冷榨和热榨亚麻籽油的总生育酚含量相当;索氏提取和冷、热榨亚麻籽油挥发性成分分别为21、17种和34种,5种为共有成分,其中(E,E)-2,4-庚二烯醛是冷、热榨亚麻籽油的特征风味物质;冷榨亚麻籽油具有较强的ABTS^(+)自由基清除能力,而热榨亚麻籽油具有较强的DPPH自由基清除能力,二者铁还原力相当,索氏提取亚麻籽油具有较强的铁还原力。综上,不同制油工艺对亚麻籽油的品质及抗氧化活性具有一定的影响。

In order to study the effects of different extraction processes on the quality and antioxidant activity of linseed oil, linseed oil was prepared by Soxhlet extraction, cold pressing and hot pressing, respectively. The yield of linseed oil, basic physicochemical properties, tocopherol content, fatty acid composition, volatile components and antioxidant activity were determined. The results showed that the yield of linseed oil by Soxhlet extraction was the highest with 52.77%, and the yield of linseed oil by hot pressing was significantly higher than that by cold pressing. Cold pressed linseed oil had better color and fatty acid composition, and the content of α-linolenic acid reached 54.49%. Soxhlet extracted linseed oil had the highest total tocopherol content, which was 450.79 mg/kg, and the total tocopherol content in cold and hot pressed linseed oil was similar. In addition, the volatile components of Soxhlet extracted and cold and hot pressed linseed oil were 21, 17 kinds and 34 kinds, respectively, and 5 kinds were common components, of which(E, E)-2,4-heptadienal was the characteristic flavor substance of cold and hot pressed linseed oil. Cold pressed linseed oil had strong ABTSfree radical scavenging ability and hot pressed linseed oil had strong DPPH free radical scavenging ability, and both of which had the same iron reducing ability. Soxhlet extracted linseed oil had stronger iron reducing power. In conclusion, different oil extraction processes have some effects on the quality and antioxidant activity of linseed oil.