上海市电动自行车驾乘人员头盔佩戴情况及其影响因素

Helmet wearing and its influencing factors among E-bike drivers and passengers in Shanghai

目的了解上海市电动自行车驾乘人员头盔佩戴情况及其影响因素,为道路交通伤害的预防提供参考依据。方法采用地图分层随机抽样方法于2015年10月—2019年4月在上海市抽取8个道路口作为现场观测点,对经过道路口的电动自行车驾乘人员的头盔佩戴情况进行8轮观测。结果上海市2015—2019年共观测电动自行车驾乘人员94772人,其中驾驶员84232人,乘客10540人;驾驶员的头盔佩戴率为14.12%,乘客的头盔佩戴率为1.99%。双变量Probit模型分析结果显示,女性驾驶员佩戴头盔的概率较男性驾驶员低0.14个概率单位,乘客为成年人时驾驶员佩戴头盔的概率较乘客为未成年人时高0.28个概率单位,冬季时驾驶员佩戴头盔的概率较夏季时高0.52个概率单位(均P<0.01);女性乘客佩戴头盔的概率较男性乘客低0.14个概率单位,冬季时乘客佩戴头盔的概率较夏季时高0.37个概率单位(均P<0.001)。边际效应分析结果显示,乘客佩戴头盔情况下乘客为成年人时驾驶员佩戴头盔的概率较乘客为未成年人时高13%,冬季时驾驶员佩戴头盔的概率较夏季时高14%(均P<0.001);乘客未佩戴头盔情况下女性驾驶员佩戴头盔的概率较男性驾驶员低2%,乘客为成年人时驾驶员佩戴头盔的概率较乘客为未成年人时高4%,冬季时驾驶员佩戴头盔的概率较夏季时高6%(均P<0.05);驾驶员未佩戴头盔情况下冬季时乘客佩戴头盔的概率较夏季时高1%(Z=3.24,P<0.001)。结论上海市驾乘人员电动自行车头盔佩戴率总体偏低,呈现季节性波动趋势,女性头盔佩戴率低于男性,电动自行车驾驶员与乘客头盔佩戴行为相互影响。

Objective To examine the prevalence and influencing factors of helmet wearing among E-bike drivers and passengers in Shanghai for providing evidence to road traffic injury prevention.Methods From October 2015 to April 2019,totally eight waves of observational survey were carried out at eight traffic intersections selected with stratified random sampling in Shanghai city.The number of E-bike drivers and passengers passing through the traffic intersections were counted and the frequency of helmet wearing among the passers was calculated.Results The ratio of helmet wearing was14.12%among the 84232 E-bike drivers and only 1.99%among the 10540 E-bike passengers observed during the surveys.The results of the bivariate probit model analysis show that the helmet wearing is 0.14 probability unit lower in the female drivers than that in the male drivers;the helmet wearing in the E-bike drivers carrying adult passengers is 0.28 probability unit higher than that in the drivers carrying minor passengers;and the E-bike drivers′helmet wearing in winter season is 0.52probability unit higher than in summer season(all P<0.01).The helmet wearing in the female E-bike passengers is 0.14probability unit lower than in the male passengers and the E-bike passengers′helmet wearing in winter season is 0.37probability unit higher than in summer season(both P<0.001).Marginal effect analyses reveal that the probability of E-bike drivers′helmet wearing in winter season is 14%higher than that in summer season and 13%higher when carrying adult passengers than that when carrying minor passengers(both P<0.001);when carrying passengers not wearing helmet,the probability of helmet wearing in the female E-bike drivers is 2%lower than that in the male drivers;all the E-bike drivers′helmet wearing when carrying adult passengers is 4%higher than that when carrying minor passengers and is 6%higher in winter season than in summer season(all P<0.05).The probability of helmet wearing in E-bike passengers carried by drivers not wearing helmet in winter season is 1%higher than that in summer season(Z=3.24,P<0.001).Conclusion The prevalence rate of helmet wearing among E-bike drivers and passengers in Shanghai is generally low and presents a seasonal fluctuation.The helmet wearing of E-bike drivers and passengers is lower in females that than that in the males and helmet wearing behavior of the drivers and passengers interact each other.