我国现代学制百年演进历程与改革前瞻

The Century-old Evolution of China’s Modern School System and The Prospects of Reform

学制作为国家教育制度体系中的重要构成,其改革事关国家教育发展的方向和未来。我国现代学制始创于1902年的壬寅学制,随后经癸卯学制、壬子癸丑学制的探索实践,至1922年颁布的壬戌学制最终确定了我国现代学制的基本框架,并延续使用百年。通过对现代学制百年演进史的梳理和审视,总结出学制改革应坚持科学性、系统性、弹性化、渐进性、合法性和集中性六原则。具体建议为:要依据学生身心发展变化确定学制改革思路;要与基础教育的整体改革相适应;要进行充分的实地调查与研究;要先试点先行,稳步推进;要完善学制的法律制度,于法有据、依法实施;要在政府统一领导下进行学制改革。

The establishment of a schooling educational system is critical to the development of a nation’s education.China’s modern education system has evolved for over a century from its founding of the Renyin school-education system in 1902 to the practice of the Guimao,the Renziguichou,the Renxu as the framework of China’s modern school system that eventually came to the basic “6+3+3” school-education system.This paper reviewed the century-old evolution of the modern school educational system,and concluded that the reform of the school system needs to adhere to the six principles of scientificity,integrity,flexibility,progressiveness,legitimacy and centralization.It thus recommended that specific measures can be taken to determine the paths of schooling educational system reform according to the changes of students’ physical and mental development,adapt to the overall renovation of basic education,conduct a field survey for pilot programs,and improve laws and regulations to be directed by the administrations involved for a law-governed establishment of school systems.