城市公园植物景观空间声景感知特征及影响因素研究

Soundscape Perception Characteristics and Influence Factors of Plant Landscape Space in Urban Parks

植物景观空间是城市公园的重要组成部分,其声景品质直接影响游客的游憩满意程度。对福州市5个城市公园进行实地调研和公众问卷调查,探究不同类型植物景观空间在游客声景感知方面的差异及影响总体声景感知的主要因素。结果表明:不同类型植物景观空间声源优势度感知差异最明显,尤其是交通声,但是声源和谐度感知差异不明显。植物景观空间的总体声景感知在愉悦度与宁静度2个维度均有显著差异。影响各类空间总体声景感知的主要声源感知特征不同,与声景愉悦度和宁静度关系最为密切。半开敞空间的植物色彩和密闭空间的郁闭度分别与声景丰富度和愉悦度有密切关系。密闭空间中声景宁静度营造需考虑不同教育背景的游客的需求。研究结论可为提升城市公园植物景观空间声景品质提供理论参考。

Plant landscape spaces are important parts of urban parks, and the soundscape quality there could directly affect visitors’ recreation satisfaction degree. Taking five urban parks in Fuzhou as examples, the research aims to explore the differences in tourists’ soundscape perception in different types of plant landscape spaces and the influence factors of overall soundscape perception,through field and questionnaire survey. The results showed that major differences existed in sound dominant degree in different types of plant landscape space, especially for traffic sound, but limited difference was shown in term of sound harmonious degree.The overall soundscape perception of plant landscape space was significantly different in the two dimensions of pleasantness and tranquility. Major sound perception indicators affecting overall soundscape perception were also different in different spaces, which was mostly related to soundscape pleasantness and tranquility degree. Colors of plants in semi-open space and canopy densities in closed space were closely related to soundscape eventfulness and pleasantness, respectively. Perception of soundscape tranquility degree in closed space was significantly affected by visitors’ educational background. The research results can provide theoretical references for improving soundscape quality through plant landscape space construction in urban parks.