万里茶道起点下梅古村落景观基因信息链构建及特征分析

Construction and Feature Analysis of Landscape Gene Information Chain in Xiamei Ancient Village at the Starting Point of the Tea Road

传统村落承载着农耕文明和民族文化的精髓。识别传统村落景观特征并掌握其内在肌理,有利于从村落整体视角实现对村落景观的有效保护与传承。以万里茶道第一站下梅村为例,引入景观基因信息链理论,对其景观结构和潜在文化特征进行评估与解析。结果表明:1)受地理位置影响,下梅村整体景观形态保存较为完好,布局充分结合自然山水,形成“三山鼎峙,一水环流”的中国传统风水格局,历史研究和保护价值较高;2)下梅村景观信息元种类繁多、内涵丰富、技艺精湛,但三者传承度较低,原真性现状有待提升;3)下梅村景观信息点数量较多、结构精巧、风格独特,村落自然景观保存程度要劣于人文景观;4)下梅村景观信息廊道为“一字型”商业街、“并列型”滨水观光道及“网络型”巷道,部分道路材质开始出现断裂、拼接与松动等现象,但保存度较为完整;5)下梅村景观信息网络整体性较强,由于大量建筑局部装饰受损度严重,主体结构存在塌毁、残缺等问题,保存度一般,急需有效修缮。未来研究需结合GIS技术、数理分析模型等,增加其可视化分析,为传统村落景观保护性利用提供精准化修复方案,防止再遭破坏。

Traditional villages carry the essence of agricultural civilization and national culture. Identifying the characteristics of traditional village landscape and mastering its internal texture is conducive to the effective protection and inheritance of village landscape from the perspective of the whole village. Taking Xiamei Village, the first stop of the Tea Road,as an example, the landscape gene information chain theory is introduced to evaluate and analyze its landscape structure and potential cultural characteristics. The results show that: 1) Affected by the geographical location, the overall landscape form of Xiamei Village is well preserved,and the layout is fully combined with the natural landscape to form a Chinese traditional fengshui pattern of "three mountains stand against each other and one water circulates", which has high historical research and protection value;2) Xiamei Village has a wide variety of landscape information elements, rich connotation and exquisite skills, but the inheritance of the three is low, and the authenticity needs to be improved;3) Xiamei Village has a large number of landscape information points, exquisite structure and unique style, and the preservation degree of the village’s natural landscape is inferior to the cultural landscape;4) The landscape information corridor of Xiamei Village is a "one-type" commercial street, "parallel" waterfront sightseeing road and "network" roadway. Some road materials begin to break, splice and loosen, but the preservation degree is relatively complete;5) The landscape information network of Xiamei Village has strong integrity. Due to the serious damage of local decoration of a large number of buildings,the main structure has problems such as collapse and deformity, the preservation degree is general, and it is in urgent need of effective repair.Future research needs to combine the GIS technology and mathematical analysis model to increase its visual analysis, so as to provide an accurate restoration scheme for the protective utilization of traditional village landscape and prevent further damage.