从王致诚的书信看圆明园对法国英中式园林的影响

The Influence of Yuanmingyuan on French Jardin Anglo-Chinois: Tracing through the Letter by Attiret

从源头解读西方人如何识读中国园林设计,利于探寻中国园林文化观点与理论传播的有效衔接方式。王致诚涉及圆明园描写的书信,是1749—1782年间法国唯一一份全面展现中国园林营建细节的直接材料。基于书信背景的梳理,重点展示了信中圆明园的特点;结合书信的传播,对信中圆明园作用影响的历程、主要表现等进行了叙述。透过书信,圆明园在地形水系、建筑物与构筑物群组、园内活动三方面影响法国英中式造园实践,加深了法国人对中国园林品位的认识。

Digging how occidentals identify and read Chinese garden design is conductive to seek out effective bridging for imparting views and theory on Chinese landscape architecture culture. The letter written by Jean-Denis Attiret, which contained narration on landscape of Yuanmingyuan, was the only primary source that show constructional details on a Chinese garden during the period from 1749 to 1782. This paper sorted out the background and landscape narrative characteristics of Yuanmingyuan around the content of the letter. Combined with the spread of the letters,the process and major manifestation of influence on French Jardin Anglo-Chinois were discussed. It is suggested that terrain and water system, architectural grouping and activities were the three major manifestation, and this very letter promoted a shift in French viewing "Chinese taste".