大众媒介对农村留守儿童成就动机的影响机制研究

A Study on the Mechanism of the Influence of Mass Media on the Achievement Motive of Rural Left-behind Children

关注留守儿童社会化成长、坚持扶智与扶志并行是巩固教育脱贫攻坚成果、有效衔接乡村振兴的重要内容。成就动机反映个体追求成功的内部驱动力,是落实留守儿童“教育关爱”的着力点。媒介作为个体生态环境体系的重要组成部分,影响着农村留守儿童成就动机的培育过程。鉴于此,对西部某地区抽取1417名农村留守儿童开展问卷调查,运用结构方程模型分析方法验证假设模型,解析大众媒介对农村留守儿童的影响机制。结果表明,学习态度、学习能力是大众媒介影响农村留守儿童成就动机的中介变量,且“学习态度→学习能力”呈现链式中介效应;农村留守儿童媒介接触行为通过学习态度、学习能力显著负向影响其社会取向成就动机和个我取向成就动机;农村留守儿童媒介素养直接显著正向影响其社会取向成就动机;此外,农村留守儿童媒介素养通过学习态度、学习能力显著正向影响其社会取向成就动机和个我取向成就动机。据此,对这一机制形成的内因进行了剖析,并从数据驱动干预、媒介环境净化及媒介素养培育三个方面提出相应建议,以期驱动留守儿童成就动机良性发展、促进儿童成长与角色塑造。

Paying attention to the socialization of left-behind children and adhering to the parallel support of wisdom and aspiration is an important part of consolidating the achievements of education poverty alleviation and effectively connecting rural revitalization. The Achievement Motivation reflects the internal driving force of individuals’ pursuit of success and is the focus of the implementation of “education and care” for left-behind children. As an important component of the individual ecological environment system, the media affects the cultivation process of the achievement motivation of rural left-behind children. In view of this, the study selected 1417 rural left-behind children in a western region for a questionnaire survey, used structural equation model analysis methods to verify the proposed hypotheses and models, and analyzed the impact mechanism of mass media on rural left-behind children. The results show that learning attitude and learning ability are the media variables of mass media influencing the achievement motivation of rural left-behind children, and the “learning attitude → learning ability” show a chain mediation effect;the media contact behavior of rural left-behind children significantly negatively affects their Social-oriented Achievement Motivation and Individual-oriened Achievement Motivation through learning attitude and learning ability;the media literacy of rural left-behind children directly and positively affects their Social-oriented Achievement Motivation, in addition, the media literacy of rural left-behind children will also affect their Social-oriented Achievement Motivation through learning attitude, Learning ability significantly positively affects its Social-oriented Achievement Motivation and Individual-oriented Achieve-ment Motivation. Based on this, the study analyzes the internal factors of this mechanism formation, and makes suggestions from three aspects: data-driven intervention, media environment purification and media literacy cultivation, in order to drive the benign development of left-behind children’s achievement motivation and promote children’s growth and role shaping.