百年未有之大变局下中国制造业转型解析与日本经验借鉴

Analysis of China’s Manufacturing Industry Transformation under the Great Change Unseen in a Century and Japan’s Experience for Reference

制造业是社会生产力的根基,是国家竞争力的直接体现,实现社会主义现代化离不开制造业转型。然而身处百年未有之大变局中,中国制造业的转型之路并不平坦,面临“过早衰退”“断链风险”“根基不稳”等多重挑战。如何才能破局?同为东亚国家、经济发展道路与中国有诸多相似性的日本提供了值得学习与借鉴的模板。从日本制造业在石油危机时期成功转型的经验来看,针对制造业需求侧的政策操作相对有限,核心在于一系列针对制造业供给侧的改革手段。以邻为鉴,当代中国制造业转型要坚持以供给侧结构性改革为主线,着力深化金融、教育、科技、行政等领域改革以提高生产效率。

Manufacturing industry is the foundation of social productivity and the direct embodiment of national competitiveness. The transformation of manufacturing industry is indispensable for the realization of socialist modernization. However, in the midst of great changes unseen in a century, the transformation of China’s manufacturing industry is not smooth, facing multiple challenges such as “premature recession” “risk of chain breakage” and “unstable foundation”. How to break the game? As an East Asian country, Japan, which has many similarities with China in its economic development path, provides a template worthy of learning and referencing. From the successful transformation experience of Japanese manufacturing industry in the oil crisis, the policy operations for the demand side of manufacturing industry are relatively limited, and the core lies in a series of reform measures for the supply side of manufacturing industry. Taking neighborhood as a mirror, the transformation of contemporary Chinese manufacturing industry should adhere to the supply-side structural reform as the main line, and focus on deepening the reform of finance, education, science and technology, administration and other fields to improve production efficiency.