不同饲养模式对肉种鸡下笼后运动变化及生产性能的影响

Effects of Different Feeding Patterns on Exercise Change and Production Performance of Broiler Breeders out of Cage

为研究淘汰笼养肉种鸡下笼后不同饲养密度和活动空间对运动量及生产性能的影响,本试验选取50周龄产蛋率及体重接近的待淘汰肉种鸡L系母鸡225只,随机分成4组,其中笼养组45只单笼饲养,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组(45、45、90只)分别放于不同饲养空间(12、24、24 m2)的平养鸡舍内,饲养周期为10周。结果表明:(1)整个试验周期内,平养组日均运动步数显著高于笼养组;平养模式下,Ⅱ组显著高于Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组,Ⅲ组显著高于Ⅰ组。(2)相比于笼养组,平养组的胸肌率和腿肌率显著升高,腹脂率则显著降低。(3)平养组的胸肌系水力显著大于笼养组,L^(*)值、剪切力则相反。(4)笼养组葡萄糖浓度显著高于平养组,平养组Ⅱ显著低于Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组,Ⅲ组显著低于Ⅰ组;平养组高密度脂蛋白显著高于笼养组,低密度脂蛋白则相反;平养组T-AOC及GSH-Px、CAT、SOD活性显著高于笼养组。综上所述,相比于笼养,平养组随着运动量的增加,胸肌、腿肌及腹脂等屠体指标发生了显著变化,同时饲养空间增大后其分解过氧化氢和清除自由基能力变强,体内脂质过氧化程度降低,提升了淘汰肉种鸡的总抗氧化能力。此外,不同平养条件下,密度更小、活动空间更大时跑动范围扩大,运动量更大,性能更优。

In order to study the effects of different stocking densities and activity space on exercise amount and production performance of eliminated cage broiler breeders out of cage,a total of 225 L breeders at 50 weeks of age with similar laying rate and body weight to be eliminated were divided into four groups randomly:45 hens in cage group were reared in single cage,and groupsⅠ,ⅡandⅢ(45,45 and 90 hens respectively)were placed in flat rearing hennery with different rearing spaces(12,24 and 24 m~2).The rearing cycle was 10 weeks.The results were as follows.(1)The average daily moving steps of the flat rearing groups were significantly higher than those of the cage rearing group during the whole experiment period,and those of groupⅡwas significantly higher compared with groupsⅠandⅢ,while those of groupⅢwas significantly higher compared with groupⅠ.(2)Compared with the cage group,the breast muscle percentage(BMP)and leg muscle percentage(LMP)of flat rearing groups were significantly increased,while the abdominal fat percentage(AFP)was significantly decreased.(3)The water holding capacity(WHC)of thoracic muscle system of flat rearing groups was significantly higher than that of cage rearing group,while L^(*)value and shear force(SF)were opposite.(4)The glucose concentration(GC)of cage rearing groups was significantly higher than that of flat rearing groups,and that of flat rearing groupⅡwas significantly lower than that of groupⅠandⅢ,while that of groupⅢwas significantly lower compared with groupⅠ.The high density lipoprotein(HDL)of flat rearing groups was significantly higher than that of cage rearing group,while low density lipoprotein(LDL)was the opposite.The T-AOC and GSH-Px,CAT and SOD activities of flat rearing groups were significantly higher than those of cage rearing group.In conclusion,compared with cage rearing,with the increase of exercise amount,the carcass indexes of BMP,LMP and AFP of flat rearing groups changed significantly;at the same time,the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide and free radical scavenging ability of broiler breeders were enhanced,the lipid peroxidation degree in body was decreased,and the total antioxidant capacity of broiler breeders was improved because of the feeding space increasing.In addition,under different flat rearing conditions with smaller density and more space for movement,the running range was expanded,the amount of movement was greater,and the production performance was better.