基于代谢组学研究噻虫嗪和戊唑醇农药对蔬菜生理代谢的影响

Metabolomics Reveals the Effects of Pesticide Thiamethoxam and Pentazolol on the Physiological Metabolism of Vegetable

农药是保障农业丰收的重要手段,然而农药对农作物生理代谢影响报道很少,尤其是对植物的指纹代谢图谱影响。以杀虫剂噻虫嗪和杀菌剂戊唑醇为例,向上海青青菜喷施推荐剂量农药,采集茎叶组织,并用于生理生化指标及代谢组学分析,解析农药喷施对青菜代谢影响。结果表明:两种农药喷施均对青菜造成一定胁迫响应,致使过氧化物酶和超氧化物歧化酶活性水平及膜脂过氧化提高。基于代谢组学分析,发现两种农药均可以影响青菜指纹代谢图谱,共鉴定出98个差异代谢物,其中类黄酮、硫代糖苷、有机酸、氨基酸等物质种类最多。两种农药均可以促进叶片中类黄酮(异鼠李素、杨梅苷和异鼠李素3,4’-二葡萄糖苷等)含量增加,其可能与青菜抵御农药胁迫有关;噻虫嗪导致大部分氨基酸(谷氨酰胺、精氨酸和N,N-二甲基精氨酸等)、酚酸(奎宁酸、阿魏基奎宁酸和芥子酸等)含量累积,而戊唑醇处理组则相反;戊唑醇可以增加叶片中不饱和脂肪酸(亚麻酸和亚油酸)含量,而降低糖类组分(松三糖和棉子糖)含量。此外,两种农药还影响青菜叶片中有机酸、核苷、硫代糖苷等组分代谢。本研究结果有助于农药生态环境风险评价,并对农药安全使用提供理论支撑。

Pesticides are widely used in agricultural products to ensure agricultural production,however,there have been few reports on the effects of pesticides on crop physiology and metabolism,especially for plant metabolic profiling.In this study,the effects of insecticide thiamethoxam and fungicide tebutazol on physiological metabolism of vegetables Shanghaiqing were studied.The vegetables were sprayed by pesticides at recommended dose and vegetable shoots was collected and used for physiological analysis and metabolomic analysis.Our results showed that both the pesticides induced oxidative stress in vegetable plants,which led to the increase of the activities of peroxidase and superoxide dismutase,and caused membrane lipid peroxidation.Based on metabolomics analysis,we found that both the pesticides could affect the metabolic profiling in vegetable shoots.A total of 98 metabolites were identified,among which flavonoids,thioglycosides,organic acids and amino acids had the most amount.Both the two pesticides could enhance the content of most flavonoids(isorhamnetin,myricetin and isorhamnetin 3,4’-diglucoside)in shoots,which may be related with the plant resistance to pesticide stress.Thiamethoxam resulted in accumulation of most amino acids(glutamine,arginine,and N,N-dimethylarginine)and phenolic acids(quinic acid,feruloyl quinic acid and sinapinic acid),compared to the control,but tebutazol had the opposite trends.Tebutazol could increase the content of unsaturated fatty acids(linolenic acid and linoleic acid)and decrease the content of carbohydrates(terraffinose and raffinose)in vegetable shoots.In addition,both the pesticides also affected the pathway of of organic acid,nucleoside and glucosinolate metabolism in plant shoots.The results of this study would be helpful to the ecological risk assessment of pesticides and provide theoretical support for the safe use of pesticides.