“都”与否定极性项的分布及单调性推演

Distribution and Monotonicity Deduction of “Dou” and Negative Polarity Items

汉语否定极性项中的限定词“任何”和极小词需要否定算子和全称量化算子“都”的双重允准,“任何”与“都”同构的语言现象违背了成分统治的原则。以往的研究多在某一类型的否定极性项中研究“都”的句法和语义,无法从全局上厘清“都”的允准机制。以北大CCL语料库为样本,对“都”与否定极性项的分布进行定量分析,结果表明:否定极性项中的限定词和极小词必须与“都”连用,而否定极性副词则不一定要与“都”连用。此外,“都”和其他全称量词一样,创造了向下蕴涵的语境,并使其所在语句向下单调推理有效。

The qualifier “any”and the minimal word in Chinese negative polarity items need the double permission of the negative operator and the full name quantification operator “dou”.The language phenomenon of “any”and “dou”isomorphism violates the principle of component rule.Previous studies have mostly studied the syntax and semantics of “dou”in a certain type of negative polarity items,which cannot clarify the permission mechanism of“dou”from the global perspective.Taking the CCL Corpus of Peking University as a sample,this paper makes a quantitative analysis of the distribution of “dou”and negative polarity items.The results show that the determiners and minimal words in the negative polarity items must be used with“dou”,while the negative polarity adverbs do not have to be used with “dou”.In addition,“dou”,like other full name quantifiers,creates a context of downward implication and makes the sentence it is in effective downward monotonic reasoning.