农业高效利用盐碱地资源探讨

Discussion on the agricultural efficient utilization of saline-alkali land resources

我国约有9913万hm^(2)盐碱地,其中现代盐渍土约为3693万hm^(2),作为重要的后备耕地资源,盐碱地的综合利用对保障国家粮食安全具有重要的战略意义。经过几十年的研究和实践,我国在盐碱地治理方面已经形成了完善的理论和技术体系,取得巨大的成就,其中淡水洗盐、灌排结合的水利工程措施在盐碱地治理中发挥了关键作用。但是,受水资源短缺和气候条件制约,我国大部分的盐碱地尚未开发利用。近年来,随着社会经济发展和科学技术进步,人们逐渐认识到盐碱地作为自然生态系统的组成部分,其丰富的盐碱土、咸水和耐盐生物等盐碱资源在多元化食物生产、生态保护、人民生活中具有重要作用,迫切需要加强盐碱资源高效利用的理论与技术研究,发展盐碱地资源高效利用产业,推动盐碱区农业高质量发展。本文分析了目前盐碱地治理现状及其面临的问题,结合盐碱地资源高效利用研究进展,重点对盐碱区盐生植物利用、咸水资源的高效利用、肥沃耕层构建高效改土、高品质农产品生产、设施种养空间利用和草牧业发展等六个方面进行了探讨,以期为盐碱地资源高效利用提供参考。

Currently,there are about 9.9×10^(7)hm^(2)of salt-affected soils in China,in which the modern saline soil is about 3.7×10^(7)hm^(2)As an important reserved cropland resources,the comprehensive utilization of saline-alkali soils play very important role for ensuring national food security.After decades of research and practice,China has formed complete technical systems in the improvement of saline-alkali land,in which the hydraulic engineering measures combined with salt leaching by fresh water irrigation and drainage systems have played a key role in the reclamation of saline-alkali soils.However,due to the shortage of water resources and climatic conditions,most of the saline-alkali land in China has not been developed and utilized.In recent years,with the development of social economy and the progress of science and technology,people have gradually realized that saline-alkali land is an integral part of the natural ecosystem,in which the saline resources including saline soils,saline water and salt-tolerant organisms etc.have played important roles in diversified food production,ecological conservation and human life.In order to promote the high-quality development of agriculture in saline-alkali areas,it is necessary to strengthen the studies on the theories and technologies of efficient utilization of saline resources and to develop the relevant industry of saline-alkali land resources utilization.This paper analyzed current situation and the problems existing in the reclamation of saline-alkali soils,and discussed the utilization of halophytes and saline water resources,the efficient improvement of salt-affected soils by fertile root zone construction,the production of high-quality agricultural products in saline-alkali soils,the space utilization of saline lands by developing facility agriculture,and the development of grass and animal husbandry in saline-alkali land.This paper will provide reference for the efficient utilization of saline-alkali land resources.