富氧侧吹熔炼-多枪顶吹吹炼炼铜工艺杂质元素行为

Behavior of Impurity Elements in Copper Smelting Process of Oxygen Enrichment Side Blowing Smelting-Top-blowing with Multiple Gun

通过对富氧侧吹熔炼-多枪顶吹吹炼炼铜工艺过程的生产数据进行整理,计算得出了铁、锌、铅和砷在整个系统的分布率。通过XRD、SEM/EDS等测试手段,对冰铜、熔炼渣和吹炼渣等部分中间产物的物相组成和微观结构进行了表征。综合分析了主要杂质元素铁、锌、铅和砷在富氧侧吹熔炼-多枪顶吹吹炼炼铜工艺中的分布行为规律。结果表明,铁主要以铁橄榄石、铁酸锌、铁酸铜等形式分布于炉渣中,锌绝大部分也会造渣并以铁酸锌的形式进入炉渣,即大部分铁和锌能在炉渣中直接开路除去;而大部分铅和砷进入炉渣和烟尘中,可通过渣的形式及挥发机理脱除和回收,但还有相当数量的铅和砷会残留于粗铜中,只能在后续电解工序中脱除。总结了这几种杂质元素减量化控制的有效方法和途径,为铜冶炼过程中杂质元素的综合处理和稳定生产提供了参考。

By collating production data of the oxygen enrichment side-blowing melting-multiple gun top blowing copper smelting process,the distribution rate of iron,zinc,lead and arsenic in the whole system was calculated.The phase composition and microstructure of some intermediates such as matte,smelting slag and converting slag were characterized by XRD,SEM/EDS and other test methods.The distribution behavior of main impurity elements such as iron,zinc,lead and arsenic in oxygen enrichment side blowing melting-multiple gun top blowing copper smelting process was comprehensively analyzed.The results show that iron is distributed in the slag in the form of iron olivine,zinc ferrite,and copper ferrite,etc.,and most of zinc would also enter the slag in the form of zinc ferrate,so most of iron and zinc could be directly removed in the slag.Most of lead and arsenic enter the slag and dust,which can be removed and recovered in the form of slag and volatilization mechanism,but a considerable amount of lead and arsenic will remain in crude copper and can only be removed in subsequent electrolysis process.The effective methods and approaches of reduction and control of these impurity elements were summarized,which provides a reference for comprehensive treatment and stable production of impurity elements in copper smelting process.