基于感知的城市开放空间声环境评价指标研究

Study on evaluation indexes of acoustic environment in urban open space based on subjective perception

文章从人群主观感知角度出发,针对人口、交通密集型城市开放空间声环境质量评价进行研究,以期从大量的物理、心理声学特征中提取出“有效特征参量”,拓展现有声环境评价指标。该研究基于对上海市开放空间复合混杂的整体声环境特征分析以及实验室主观评价实验,构建了“特征参量”-“主观满意度”样本集,进而提出双重相关系数评估方法,定量评估17种物理、心理声学特征参量间的内在相互影响,以及它们对人群声主观感知的影响,筛选出适应于城市整体声环境主观评价的“有效特征参量”:等效连续A声级L_(A)、噪声中值与环境本底值的差值L_(50)-L_(90)以及尖锐度S,其中,L_(A)是影响声环境主观满意度的决定性因子,它与满意度Sat的负相关性达到88%,L_(50)-L_(90)对Sat的负相关性为25%,S与满意度Sat的正相关程度为33%。进一步,基于它们与满意度Sat的相关系数,计算出3个“有效特征参量”影响“主观满意度”权重系数:0.6,0.17以及0.23。

Based on human subjective perception,the acoustic environment quality evaluation in urban open space with dense population and dense traffic is studied in order to extract the"effective characteristic parameters"of acoustic environment evaluation from a large number of physical and psychoacoustic features,and expand the existing acoustic environment evaluation index.In this study,a sample set of"characteristic parameters"-"subjective satisfaction"is constructed based on the feature analysis of the overall acoustic environment of complex open space in Shanghai and the subjective evaluation experiment in laboratory.And then,the dual correlation coefficient evaluation method is proposed to quantitatively evaluate the internal mutual influence between 17 physical and psychoacoustic characteristic parameters and their influence on subjective acoustic perception,and screen out the"effective characteristic parameters"suitable for subjective evaluation of the overall urban acoustic environment,including equivalent continuous A sound level(L_(A)),the difference between median noise and ambient background noise level(L_(50)-L_(90))and the sharpness(S).Among them,L_(A)is the decisive factor affecting the subjective satisfaction of acoustic environment,and its negative correlation with the satisfaction(Sat)reaches 88%,the negative correlation between L_(50)-L_(90)and Sat is 25%,and the positive correlation between S and Sat is 33%.Based on the correlation coefficients,the weight coefficients of three"effective characteristic parameters"affecting the"subjective satisfaction"are further calculated as 0.6,0.17 and 0.23.