再论北响堂石窟北洞的性质及开凿时间

Reanalysis on the Nature and Construction Date of the Northern Xiangtangshan Grottoes

北响堂石窟是东魏、北齐时期开凿的一处大型石窟,其中尤以北洞规模最为宏大,雕刻异常精美。由于文献记载的互相矛盾,导致学界对北洞的开凿时间、供养人等有不同的认识。本文通过对文献材料的分析,结合北洞的现状及历年来东魏、北齐墓葬的考古发现,认为北洞不是高欢或者高洋的崖墓。从洞窟本身来看,它应是一座由高洋供养的、开凿于北齐初年的佛教石窟,中心柱顶小室应为天宫。

The northern Xiangtangshan Grottoes were constructed during the Eastern Wei to the Northern Qi Dynasty.The north cave was the biggest and most beautiful among all the caves.Limited by the paradoxical textual records,scholars hold different views about the sponsor and his aim.After a careful analysis,we do not think it was carved as a tomb for the emperor,it should be a Buddhist cave.And Gao Yang,who was the founder of the Northern Qi Dynasty,should be the sponsor.The small chamber on top of the central pillar should be the Tiangong stupa.