农村人居环境整治中的主体认知差异及其行动约制

Cognitive Differences and Action Restrictions of Subjects in Rural Living Environment Improvement

农村人居环境整治工作意义重大,但实践中经常能看到“干部干,村民看”或“干部忙,村民怨”的现象。农村人居环境构成的是村民日常意义上的“生活世界”,他们自由而有序地布局空间环境,注重循环利用和物尽其用,而地方政府则将其视为“整治对象”,强调标准化改造以及现代生活方式和观念的简单植入,两者对“何为农村人居环境”与“如何整治农村人居环境”存在较大的认知差异和互动冲突。隐性的认知表现出的是显性的行动,主体行动背后更是深受传统农业社会结构特点以及新时期“政、纪驱动”的政绩考核机制的约制。地方政府需要在政策转换与实施方面深度匹配农村社会结构特点和村民生活习惯,进而在实践层面探索出一条能够将“传统生态要义与现代技术相结合”的行动路径。

The improvement of rural living environment is of great significance, but we can often see the scene of “cadres work, villagers watch” or “cadres are busy, villagers complain” in practice.From the perspective of the main body of action, it is found in detail that the rural living environment constitutes the life world in the daily sense of the villagers, and they arrange the space environment freely, pay attention to recycling and make the best use of things. However, the local government regards the rural living environment as the “object to be rehabilitated”,emphasizing standardized transformation and the simple implantation of modern lifestyles and concepts.The two sides have big cognitive differences and interactive conflicts on “what the rural living environment is” and “how to rectify the rural living environment”.Implicit cognition expresses explicit action, behind the main body of action, it is deeply restricted by the characteristics of the traditional agricultural social structure and the political performance evaluation mechanism driven by the Party and discipline in the new era.It is necessary to deeply match the characteristics of rural social structure and villagers’ living habits in terms of institutional design and implementation, and then explore an action path that can “combine traditional ecological essentials with modern technology” at the practical level.