2016—2020学年上海市闵行区中小学传染病监测分析

Prevalence of Infectious Diseases in Primary and Secondary Schools from 2016 to 2020 Academic Years in Minhang District of Shanghai

目的:了解上海市闵行区2016—2020学年中小学传染病报告情况,为学校传染病防控提供依据。方法:在中国疾病监测信息报告管理系统中选择2016—2020学年(2016年9月1日—2021年8月31日)报告的中小学学生病例进行描述性分析。结果:2016—2020学年闵行区中小学报告传染病19种,共12321例,无甲类传染病和死亡病例,年报告发病率逐年下降,法定传染病和重点监测传染病发病率差异有统计学意义(χ2值分别为1290.610、1325.494,P值均<0.01)。乙、丙类传染病分别以猩红热、手足口病为主,重点监测疾病以水痘为主,发病率均逐年下降,差异有统计学意义(χ2值分别为1231.357、680.991、1261.883,P值均<0.01)。发病前5位依次为水痘、猩红热、手足口病、流行性感冒和其他感染性腹泻病。不同类型传染病发病率均表现为男生高于女生,小学生发病率最高,以猩红热和水痘为主,初中和高中发病率最高者均为水痘。结论:2016—2020学年闵行区中小学生传染病发病率明显下降,水痘、猩红热和手足口病发病居前3位,小学应重点关注猩红热和水痘,初中和高中应重点关注水痘。

OBJECTIVE To understand the prevalence of infectious diseases in primary and secondary schools in Minhang District from 2016 to 2020 academic years,and to provide evidence for the prevention and control of infectious diseases in schools.METHODS Based in Disease Surveillance Information System,students reported in primary and secondary schools were selected from 2016 to 2020 academic year into the descriptive analysis.RESULTS 19 kinds of infectious diseases and 12321 cases were reported in primary and secondary schools from 2016 to 2020 academic years in Minhang district.There was no report of category A and death cases.The annual incidence rate of infectious diseases decreased year by year from 2016 to 2020 academic year.The annual incidence of the legal infectious diseases and the intensively monitored infectious diseases were significantly different(χ2=1290.610,1325.494,P<0.01).The mainly infectious disease from Category B and Category C and the intensively monitored diseases appeared as:scarlet fever,hand-foot-mouth diseaseand varicella.The incidence of the three mainly infectious diseases decreased year by year,and the differences were statistically significant(χ~2=1231.357,680.991,1261.883,P<0.01).The first five cases were chicken pox,scarlet fever,hand,foot and mouth disease,influenza and other infectious diarrheal diseases.The incidence of different types of infectious diseases is higher in boys than girls,the incidence of primary school students,mainly scarlet fever and chickenpox,and the incidence of chickenpox is the highest in middle school and high school.CONCLUSION The incidence of infectious diseases among primary and middle school students in Minhang district decreased significantly from 2016 to 2020 academic years,and the incidence of varicella,scarlet fever and hand-foot-mouth disease ranked the top three.Primary schools should focus on the prevention and control of scarlet fever and varicella,while middle and high schools are mainly about varicella.