基于柔顺机构的新型可变形机翼设计方法研究

A Novel Design Method Based on the Compliant Mechanism for Deformable Wing

机翼翼型变体技术可以根据任务和环境自适应地改变机翼形状、厚度、弯度等重要参数,使飞机在不同飞行状态下都能取得较理想的气动特性。柔顺机构是实现机翼蒙皮光滑变形的驱动装置,相比传统液压机构具备质量特性好的优势。采用鱼骨型柔性钢架与四连杆机构实现了机翼前缘上下蒙皮向内收缩、前缘形状由钝变尖的弹性变形过程。通过设计“撞块”机构实现驱动行程的有效分解,解决了前缘尖端开口处蒙皮回收与机翼变形控制所需的驱动行程不一致的内在矛盾。变形后翼型与目标翼型误差最大位置不超过4 mm,变形过程中结构最大应力小于材料许用应力值。相比传统采用纯液压机构驱动的变形机翼设计方案,该基于柔顺机构的变体机翼结构减质14.1%。

Through intelligent design and control,wing variant technology can adaptively change important parameters such asthe wing shape,thickness and camber,according to the task and environment,so that the aircraft can obtain ideal aerodynamic characteristics under different flight states.Flexible mechanism is the driving device to realize the smooth deformation of flexible skin.Compared with traditional hydraulic mechanism,it has the advantage of good weight characteristics.In this paper,the compliant deformation wing design from initial airfoil to target airfoil is realized by using the fishbone compliant steel frame and the four-bar linkage.By designing the″bump″mechanism,the effective decomposition of the driving route is realized,and the internal contradiction on the driving routes required for the skin retraction at the leading edge tip opening and the wing deformation control is solved.The maximum error between the deformed airfoil and the target airfoil does not exceed 4 mm,and the maximum stress of the structure during the deformation process is less than the allowable stress of the material.Compared with the traditional deformed wing design scheme driven by pure hydraulic mechanism,the wing structure based on compliance mechanism reduces weight by 14.1%.