表观遗传修饰影响哺乳动物体细胞核移植效率的研究进展

Research Progress on the Effect of Epigenetic Modification Affecting the Efficiency of Mammalian Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer

表观遗传修饰是一种不依赖于DNA序列变化的可逆、可遗传修饰,在哺乳动物胚胎发育的整个阶段均可发生,是影响哺乳动物体细胞核移植效率的主要因素之一。其中,DNA甲基化、组蛋白的动态修饰、X染色体失活、端粒与端粒酶活性变化作为常见的表观遗传修饰类型,任一修饰形式的异常都会影响基因的表达,引发体细胞重编程错误导致核移植效率降低。近年来,随着体细胞核移植技术研究的不断深入,表观遗传修饰影响体细胞核移植效率的关键作用机制日益明确。本文通过综述不同类型的表观遗传修饰影响哺乳动物体细胞核移植效率的研究进展,以期在表观遗传修饰层面为提高哺乳动物体细胞核移植效率提供新思路。

Epigenetic modification, a reversible and heritable modification, that do not rely on the alternation of the DNA sequence, and can occur at the whole procedure of mammalian embryonic development, which is one of primary factors for the efficiency of mammalian somatic cell nuclear transfer. DNA methylation, histone dynamic modification, X chromosome inactivation, change of telomere and telomerase activity were regarded as typical forms of epigenetic modification, the unusual one among them can affect the expression of related genes, which lead to error of somatic reprogramming, and ultimately decrease the efficiency of nuclear transplantation. Recently, the crucial mechanism of epigenetic modification influenced efficiency of somatic cell nuclear transfer has been further expounded with the development of transfer technology. Current review summarized research progress about different epigenetic modifications affected mammalian somatic cell nuclear transfer efficiency to provide new insights for elevating the efficiency of somatic cell nuclear transfer at the level of epigenetic modifications.