中国老年人的人口和社会特征性别差异分析

Gender Differences of the Elderly in Population and Social Characteristics in China

老年人在人口和社会特征方面的性别差异是一种客观存在,它既有自然原因也有社会原因,这种存在是解决老龄问题和从事社会性别研究必须面对的问题。通过全国人口普查数据,特别是2020年第七次全国人口普查短表和长表,以及在国家统计局提供的万分之一微观数据的基础上整理出的其中一部分老年人信息,可以揭示和反映中国老年人在各类特征上的性别差异。分析主要针对人口平均预期寿命、年龄、教育、婚姻、居住方式、主要生活来源和健康的性别差异展开,既作了双变量和三变量的描述性分析,也作了多变量分析。多元分析发现,在低龄老人中女性健康状况要好于男性,在高龄老人中女性健康状况比男性更差;女性无论在低年龄还是高年龄都比男性更依赖与子女同住;男性在低年龄时比女性更依赖最低社会保障金,女性则在高龄时比男性更依赖最低社会保障金。

The gender difference in population and social characteristics of the elderly is a kind of objective existence,which are caused by both natural and social factors worthy considering in confronting aging and gender issues.Through the national census data,especially the short chart and long chart of the seventh national census in 2020,and part of the micro data of one in ten thousand provided by the National Bureau of Statistics,the gender differences in various characteristics of the elderly in China can be revealed.The analysis focuses on gender differences in life expectancy,age,education,marriage,residence style,primary sources of income and health.Both bivariate and trivariate descriptive analysis and multivariate analysis are performed.Multivariate analysis found that the health status of women was better than that of men in the younger aged group and worse than that of men in the older aged group.Both younger and older aged women are more dependent than men on living with their children.Men are more likely than women to rely on the minimum pension at younger ages,and women are more likely to rely on that at older ages.