中国女性高龄老年人口的特征差异及变动趋势——基于第七次全国人口普查数据的分析

The Characteristic and Trends of Chinese Female Senior Elderly:Analysis of the Seventh Population Census

女性高龄老人基数大、比重高的问题是影响我国老龄事业发展的关键性因素。利用第七次全国人口普查数据,并与历次人口普查数据比较,从性别差异、城乡差异等角度对中国女性高龄老人的特征差异及变动趋势进行分析发现:2020年我国高龄女性人口占高龄老年人口的近六成,高龄女性规模及其占总人口比重呈不断上升的趋势,且增速近二十年来不断加快;受教育程度较低,大多在小学及以下水平;居住安排上主要与子女同住,生活来源主要依靠其他家庭成员支持;自评健康状况较差,自评健康的比重明显低于男性。基于此,提出设立高龄女性救助基金、提升社区养老服务和设施专业性、完善家庭照料者支持政策等建议。

The large base and high proportion of female elderly is the key factor affecting the ageing issue in China.Based on the data of the seventh national census and comparison with previous census data,and combined with the gender difference,urban-rural difference and other perspectives,the characteristics of the elderly women in China and the trend of change are analyzed.The results show that:in 2020,females of senior elderly will account for nearly 60%of the senior elderly,this size and proportion in the total population will continue to rise,and the growth rate has accelerated in the past two decades.Low level of education,mostly at primary school level or below;They mainly live with their children and rely on other family members for support.Their self-rated health status was poor,and the proportion of self-rated health was significantly lower than that of men.Based on this,some suggestions are put forward,such as setting up a rescue fund for elderly women,improving the professionalism of community elderly care services and facilities,and improving the supporting policies for family caregivers.