丹参镇痛药理作用的研究进展

Research Progress on analgesic pharmacology effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza

疼痛是现今困扰人类健康最严重的问题之一,药物治疗是目前临床治疗疼痛的主要方式之一。临床常用的镇痛药物在治疗疼痛时常伴有许多副作用,镇痛效果仍不太理想。丹参是常见的活血化瘀类中药,《中国药典》记载其具有“通经止痛”的功效。通过文献挖掘发现,丹参具有悠久的治疗疼痛的历史。现代药理学对丹参的镇痛作用、靶点及作用机制也进行了深入研究,发现丹参具有良好的镇痛药理活性,且其镇痛具有多靶点、多机制、副作用小的特点。本文通过系统检索和挖掘丹参镇痛研究文献,综述丹参镇痛的作用靶点、作用机制和相关成分,发现丹参镇痛的外周和中枢机制分别为调节外周神经元和脊髓中与疼痛相关的因子、受体及信号通路,丹参镇痛的成分主要有丹参酮ⅡA、隐丹参酮、丹酚酸B、丹酚酸C和丹酚酸A,两种丹参酮化合物都含有邻醌型结构母核,三种酚酸类成分则都含有多个酚羟基。论文为丹参镇痛作用的临床应用、镇痛方案的提出以及相关镇痛药物的研发提供了参考依据。

Pain was one of the most serious problems affecting human health today. Drug therapy is one of the main ways of clinical treatment of pain. The analgesic drugs which are commonly used clinically have a variety of side effects, so the analgesic effect of which is still unsatisfactory. Salvia miltiorrhiza, a traditional Chinese medicine, was widely used for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis. According to the record of Chinese Pharmacopoeia, Salvia miltiorrhiza has the effect of " relieving menstruation and relieving pain ". Through literature mining, it was found that Salvia miltiorrhiza has a long history in the treatment of pain. Modern pharmacology studies had also confirmed that Salvia miltiorrhiza had a good analgesic effect, and the mechanism and material basis of analgesia of Salvia miltiorrhiza were deeply studied. The result of pharmacological research has suggested that Salvia miltiorrhiza has good analgesic pharmacological activity, and it has the characteristics of multi-target, multi-mechanism and low side effects in treating pain. In this paper, through systematic search and analysis of analgesic literature of Salvia miltiorrhiza, the target,mechanism, related components and compatible prescriptions of analgesic effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza were reviewed, it was found that the peripheral and central mechanisms of Salvia miltiorrhiza analgesia are the regulation of pain related factors, receptors and signal pathways in peripheral neurons and spinal cord respectively. The main analgesic components of Salvia miltiorrhiza are tanshinone IIA, cryptotanshinone, salvianolic acid B Salvianolic acid C and salvianolic acid A. Both of the two tanshinones contain o-quinone mother nucleus structure, and the three phenolic acids contain multiple phenolic hydroxyls. This paper provides a reference basis for the clinical application of analgesic effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza, the proposal of analgesic scheme and the research and development of related analgesic drugs.